da.

Reeqvery of plutonium in soul at concentrations greater than 4) pf ug
259,24 oy at any depth these levels are found. The justification ts

the wnrount of

value well below 40 pCi/g 249440 py, The justification is to keep air
cancentrations of resuspended plutonium to levels well within national

and international standards.

A.

b.

Plutomiuns eoutaminated sol on IRLNE should be handled the same as on

YVONNE and using the same general criteria for removal except it
expected that preces of plutonium metal will be found.

is not

a.

Since it 1s recommended that replanting of food crons be limited to certain
islands, test plantings of pandanus, breadfrurt, coconut, and arrowroot showd
be wade, as soon as prowth can he assured, on each of the stands widieated for
such crops by the Enewetak people. as caaple parts of phese plants became

avaiable, ther concentrations of 2%sr,
significant

radionuclides

should

be

os,

jessured

23% ?49py and any other

and

eo.pared

with

the

rachological survey predictions, These studies witl provide for a determination
to he nade of the earhiest time at which planting of food and cuinmercial erops
can be made on islands other than those listed in 2b. and 2c. above.

requiring

disposal,

and

least

12 calendar

The

¥YVONNIJ

quarantine

should

remain

in

effect

The cleanup phase of rehabitation, we., removal and disposal of contaminated

s¢rap, debris, and soil, should be carefully documented in a comprehensive final

report frou those conducting the cleanup operation.

The planning and conduct of cleanup, including radiological support for cleanup,
should be samilar to cleanup of Bikini Atoll and advantage taken of that
experrence. As Hikim people were given opportunity for employment during

cleanup, an ¢ ial opportunity should he given I newetak people it they desire

months.

€P

4 comprehensive air sampling program should be conducted over a period of
12 consecutive
months
under
conditions
closely
approximating
human

This would add to the body of

available information on radioactivity levels in air. This program could be
conducted ecincident with and in support of cleanup operations.

Base-hne surveys of bady burdens and umne content of 375 and sr should

be taade for the Fnewetak people prior to return to Lnewetak ‘toll, after the

first year of residence, and as appropriate thereafter.
Resurveys of the
environinental raciation and radioactivity levets should be made starting in the
first year of return and repeated every other year. To he determined 19 the

the diet

and

the

4dclual

average daily

dietary

intase

of

radioactivity for various age groups for eomparison with estimated levels and

how radioactivity levels in water, air, soil, plants, and animals are changing
with time. (included should be measurements of radionuclide content of air and
collection of information on the chemical
and physical forn and size

distmbution of particles in

access

If disposal 1s deferred for further study, such study should be planned

understanding of processes which are operating -, gt which oa" be made to

of

with

and conducted promptly.

operate - to reduce the ecological haif-life of 2%Sr and Wee below the
radhoretive half-hfe on the northern islands, especially JAN ET.

adequagy

such

controlied and all visitors and workers monttored ay for a radiation
eontrol zone,

Haeteral content, salinity, and radionuclide content should be measured, but
primary emphasis of the program should be placed on development of an

habitation and expected sail disturbance.

wanting

Asa minimum, ckeanup should accomplish the recovery of plutonium
contaminated sotl and serap into storage on YYONNL.

An underground Lens water sampling and analysis programshould be conducted

in whieh satiples are taken over a period of at

not

Group recominends the following:

After soll removal, all areas should be

resuryeyed tn ensure no preces or hot spots of plutonium: remain,

material

problems to delay cleanup and rebabtlitation of the Atoll, the Task

that plutonium at some depth may one day he at the surface. Also,
recovery of contammiated soi) sufficient to reduce surface levels to a

the air containing 297Pu.) Information from such

surveys will provide a continuing check of the radiological status of the people

and the environment and will assure that the exposure criteria is not heing
approached of exceeded.

Considering that the method of disposal of plutonium contaminated soil and

serap has not yet been decided, that not enough information 1s avatlable to
deterinine whether ut is feasible to remove plutomuns trom the sort to reduce

FIGURE 2-2. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE REPORT BY THE AEC TASK GROUP ON RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR CLEANUP AND REHABILITATION OF ENEWETAK ATOLL,JUNE 19, 1974 (CONTINUED).

Select target paragraph3