da.
Reeqvery of plutonium in soul at concentrations greater than 4) pf ug
259,24 oy at any depth these levels are found. The justification ts
the wnrount of
value well below 40 pCi/g 249440 py, The justification is to keep air
cancentrations of resuspended plutonium to levels well within national
and international standards.
A.
b.
Plutomiuns eoutaminated sol on IRLNE should be handled the same as on
YVONNE and using the same general criteria for removal except it
expected that preces of plutonium metal will be found.
is not
a.
Since it 1s recommended that replanting of food crons be limited to certain
islands, test plantings of pandanus, breadfrurt, coconut, and arrowroot showd
be wade, as soon as prowth can he assured, on each of the stands widieated for
such crops by the Enewetak people. as caaple parts of phese plants became
avaiable, ther concentrations of 2%sr,
significant
radionuclides
should
be
os,
jessured
23% ?49py and any other
and
eo.pared
with
the
rachological survey predictions, These studies witl provide for a determination
to he nade of the earhiest time at which planting of food and cuinmercial erops
can be made on islands other than those listed in 2b. and 2c. above.
requiring
disposal,
and
least
12 calendar
The
¥YVONNIJ
quarantine
should
remain
in
effect
The cleanup phase of rehabitation, we., removal and disposal of contaminated
s¢rap, debris, and soil, should be carefully documented in a comprehensive final
report frou those conducting the cleanup operation.
The planning and conduct of cleanup, including radiological support for cleanup,
should be samilar to cleanup of Bikini Atoll and advantage taken of that
experrence. As Hikim people were given opportunity for employment during
cleanup, an ¢ ial opportunity should he given I newetak people it they desire
months.
€P
4 comprehensive air sampling program should be conducted over a period of
12 consecutive
months
under
conditions
closely
approximating
human
This would add to the body of
available information on radioactivity levels in air. This program could be
conducted ecincident with and in support of cleanup operations.
Base-hne surveys of bady burdens and umne content of 375 and sr should
be taade for the Fnewetak people prior to return to Lnewetak ‘toll, after the
first year of residence, and as appropriate thereafter.
Resurveys of the
environinental raciation and radioactivity levets should be made starting in the
first year of return and repeated every other year. To he determined 19 the
the diet
and
the
4dclual
average daily
dietary
intase
of
radioactivity for various age groups for eomparison with estimated levels and
how radioactivity levels in water, air, soil, plants, and animals are changing
with time. (included should be measurements of radionuclide content of air and
collection of information on the chemical
and physical forn and size
distmbution of particles in
access
If disposal 1s deferred for further study, such study should be planned
understanding of processes which are operating -, gt which oa" be made to
of
with
and conducted promptly.
operate - to reduce the ecological haif-life of 2%Sr and Wee below the
radhoretive half-hfe on the northern islands, especially JAN ET.
adequagy
such
controlied and all visitors and workers monttored ay for a radiation
eontrol zone,
Haeteral content, salinity, and radionuclide content should be measured, but
primary emphasis of the program should be placed on development of an
habitation and expected sail disturbance.
wanting
Asa minimum, ckeanup should accomplish the recovery of plutonium
contaminated sotl and serap into storage on YYONNL.
An underground Lens water sampling and analysis programshould be conducted
in whieh satiples are taken over a period of at
not
Group recominends the following:
After soll removal, all areas should be
resuryeyed tn ensure no preces or hot spots of plutonium: remain,
material
problems to delay cleanup and rebabtlitation of the Atoll, the Task
that plutonium at some depth may one day he at the surface. Also,
recovery of contammiated soi) sufficient to reduce surface levels to a
the air containing 297Pu.) Information from such
surveys will provide a continuing check of the radiological status of the people
and the environment and will assure that the exposure criteria is not heing
approached of exceeded.
Considering that the method of disposal of plutonium contaminated soil and
serap has not yet been decided, that not enough information 1s avatlable to
deterinine whether ut is feasible to remove plutomuns trom the sort to reduce
FIGURE 2-2. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE REPORT BY THE AEC TASK GROUP ON RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR CLEANUP AND REHABILITATION OF ENEWETAK ATOLL,JUNE 19, 1974 (CONTINUED).