understanding becomes available, and new risk-benefit decisions are made. For this purpose this documentary will supplement the more technical data published by DOE. — Third, to provide a detailed record ofthe radiological exposure ofthe cleanup forces themselves. As years pass, it will become increasingly important to the cleanup participants, to the U.S. Government, and to health physicists and radiation biologists, to have a meticulously accurate record of the radiological safety policies and procedures; an overview of personnel assignment practices; and a careful summarization of air sampler readings, film badge and thermoluminescent dosimeter exposures, bioassay samples, etc. — Fourth, to provide a useful guide for subsequent radiological cleanup efforts elsewhere. It seems likely that there will be future requirements for radiological cleanup of extensive areas which present complex contamination problems. Since the Enewetak cleanup was a bellwether effort ofits kind, the many lessons learned should provide useful guidance for those whowill plan and execute future efforts. Information such as this is quickly lost if not permanently recorded. In developing this documentary, every effort has been made to be accurate, balanced, and objective. However, since issues can appear in somewhat different light when viewed from different organizational perspectives, the reader should keep in mind that the authors generally have a DOD affiliation. ce August 1980 OBERT R. MONROE~ Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy Director, Defense Nuclear Agency PREFACE Field Command, Declense Nuclear Apency has prepared this documentary to provide the general reader a narrative history of the radiological cleanup of Enewetak Atoll and to provide the interested researcher a description of the procedures used to support and accomplish the radiological cleanup. It is intended to present a balanced, objective review of the mistakes made and lessons learned, as well as the many successes achieved during the project. Much of the knowledge and experience gained during the project would be applicable to any military operation in the harsh environment of a tropical atoll, and the radiological cleanup experience represents. an invaluable national asset in the Atomic Age. It is the aim of this documentary to record that experience while it is readily available. To complete the description. of the United States effort to restore the atoll, the last chapter includes an account of the Rehabilitation Program which was conducted by the Department of the Interior concurrently with the cleanup project. This report was compiled from historical documents stored in the . Enewetak Radiological Cleanup repository at the Defense Nuclear Agency’s Field Command in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The bibliographical notes, which are identified by superscripts within the text, are intended to provide future researchers with a guide to documents containing additional data regarding subject matter of the text as well as sources for the text itself, The compilers have endeavored to arrange events by topics and operational categories as well as in chronological order. As a result, there is some overlapping of chronology between the chapters and sections. To facilitate continuity for the general reader, brief summary paragraphs have been included where appropriate, with the hope that the researcher will overlook these occasional redundancies. In the use of names, the preference of the group being named has been followed. In Marshallese, the prefix “‘dri--’ means ‘‘people of.’’ Thus, ‘‘dri-Enewetak’” means the people of Enewetak Island in particular, as well as the people of Enewetak Atoll as a whole. The people of Enjebi Island reler to themselves as “dri-Enjebi in distinguishing themselves from the a ee other people of the atoll, but as “dri-Enewetak’*’ when referring to all the people of the atoll. In referring to the operationa! element of the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA). the term ‘Field Command’ is) commeonty used for ‘tield SOT raat Ta ert SeTce 305 he documentary. During the period covered bythis report, the organization originally known as the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) has been reorganized and renamed twice. On | January 1975, it became the Energy Vill