a AEs ald de dE ie RLA, bsBats we bn ws a sd, nee eee were em PPG. Pacific Proving Ground ‘after 1956 designated the Eniwetok Proving Ground, or EPG). qromat_ridiation. See initial radtation. Purple conditions. A shipboard warning system used in radiological defense, Various numb@red canditians were sounded when radioactive fallout was encountered. Responses to the sounded warn[in gs included Tiasing of various hatches and fittings, turning off parts of the ventilation system, fa nd removing personnel from a ship's open decks. The higher the Purple condition number, the morefis evere the radiological situation, "Q’-ciearance. A security clearance granted by the Atomic Energy Commission, based upon : investigation canducted by the FBI. ; or. S rool for roentgen. 24. Chemical symool for radium. rid. Radiation absorbed dose. A unit of absorbed dose of radiation; it represents the ab ergs of ionizing radiation per gram (or 0.01 J/kg) of absorbing material, such as bod unit is presently being replaced in scientific literature by the Gray (Sy), numerical absorption of 1 joule of energy per kilogram of matter. RadDefonse, Radiological defense. Defense against the effects of radioactivity from atomi ‘includes the detection and measurement of radioactivity, the protection of persons fro and decontamination of areas, places, and equipment. See also radsafe. rption of 100 tissue. This qual to the weapons. It radioactivity, racex area. Radiological exclusion area. Following each detonation there were areas of su face radiclogical contamination and areas of air radiological contamination. These areas were desig ated as radex are2s. Radex areas were used to chart actual ar predicted fallout and also used for c ntrol of entry and axit. radiation. The emissinn of any rays, electromagnetic waves, or particles (e.g., gamma rays cles, deta particles, neutrons) from a source. radiation decay. alpha parti- See decay (radioactive). radiation detectors, Any of a wide variety of materials or instruments that provide a signg@l when stimu- Tated by the passage of ionizing radiation; the sensitive element in radiation detecti The most widely used media for the detection of ionizing radiation are photographic fi tion of gases in detectors (e.g., Geiger counters}, followed by materials in which rad scintillation. radiation exposure. Exposure to radiation may be described and modified by a number of ter of radiation is important: alpha and beta particles, neutrons, gamma rays and X-rays, diation. Radiation exposure may be from an external radiation source, such as gamma r neutrons, or it may be from radionuclides retained within the body emitting alpha, bet diation. The exposure may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating radiation in rela apility to enter and pass through matter -- alpha and beta particles being considered Ing and other types of radiation as penetrating. Expasure may be related to a part of the whole body. See also whole body irradiation. radiation intensity. Degree of radiation. Measured and reported in roentgens (R), rads, re instruments. and joniza- tion induces - The type nd casmic ra- S, X-rays, or or gamma raon to its nonpenetrat- he body or to Ss, and rep, multiples and divisions of these units, and multiples and divisions of these units as a function of exposure rate (per hour, day, etc.). radinactive (or nuclear) cloud. An all-inclusive term for the cloud of hot gases. smoke, du t, and other particulate matter from the weapon itself and from the environment, which is carried al ft in conjunc- tion with the rising fireball produced by tHe detonation of a nuclear weapon. radioactive nuclide. radioactive particles. See radionuclide. See radioactivity. radioactive pool. A disk-like pool of radioactive water near the surface tormed by a water- @urface cr subsurface detonation. The poo) gradually expands into an annular form, tren reverts to a larger irregular disk shape at later times with a corresponding attenuation of radioactivity. Pool @ formed by CASTLE shots over water contained radioactive Earth particulates as weil] as other radiodetive materials because of the shallowness of the water. 481