energy results from thermonuclear (fusion) reactions of the isotopes of hydrogen Have been called H-bombs or hydragen bombs. nuclear explosion. Explosive release of energy due to the splitting, or joining, of atfms. The explosion ig obServaDie by a violent emission of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared (heat) r§diation, gamma rays, neutrons, and ather particles. This is accompanied by the formation of a fifleball. A large part of the energy from the explosion is emitted as blast and shock waves when det@nated at the Earth's surface or in the atmosphere. The fireball produces a mushroom-shaped mas@ of not gases and debris, the top of which rises rapidly. Fission, fusion, bdiast. nuclear fusion. See aiso radiation, gamma rays, fireball, Fpuctear weapon, See thermonuclear fusion. nuclear radiation. Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nucleifiin various nuctear processes. The important nuclear radiations, from the weapons standpoint, fre alpha and beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. All nuclear radiations are ionizing radiationg, but the reverse is not true; X-rays, for example, are included among ionizing radiations, but they @re not nuclear radiations since they do not originate from atomic nuclei. nuclear tests. Tests carried out to supply information required for the design and imprdvement of nuclear weapons and to study the phenomena and effects associated with nuctear explosions. nuclide. Any species of atom that exists for a measurable length of time. The term nuclide is used to describe any atomic species distinguished by the composition of its nucleus; ji.e., by Fhe number of pra tons and the number of neutrons. I[sotopes of a given element are nuclides having th@ normal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in this nuclei. A radionuclide is a radiacdetive nuctide. NYKOPQ. New York Operations Office (Atomic Energy Commission). off-scale. Radiation (or other physical phenomena) greater than the capacity of a measurifhg device to measure. ONR. Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C. OPNAY. Office of the Chief of Navat Operations. ORNL. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee. osciltascope. The name generally applied to a cathode-ray device. overpressure. The transient pressure, usually expressed in pounds per square inch, exceediffg the ambient pressure, manifested in the shock (or blast) wave from an explosion. P2V5 and 6. Twin-engine patro? bomber used for maritime patrol and antisubmarine warfare. Lockheed for the U.S. Navy. Used in CASTLE as controller and transient ship search. QDeveloped by P4¥2, WLS. Navy. Four-engine patrol bomber developed by Consolidated from the Air Force B-24 for the Used in CASTLE as a telemetry receiver for Project 1.4. PBMSA. Twin-engine, patrol-bomber flying boat, developed by Martin for the U.S. Navy. Used fin CASTLE for airlift. PC. Patrol craft. peak overpressure. The maximum value of the averpressure (which see) at a given location. permissible contamination or dose. That dose of ionizing radiation that is not expected to ciable bodily injury to a person at any time during his lifetime. phantom. @ause appre- A volume of material closely approximating the density and effective atomic oumber Pf tissue. The phantom absorbs jontzing radiation in the same manner as tissue, thus radiation dose§ measurements made within the phantom provide a means of approximating the radiation dose within a humBn or animal body under similar exposure conditions. pressed wood, and beeswax. Materials commonly used for phantoms are water ,—masonite, o°9. A heavily shielded container (usually lead) used to ship or store radioactive materials 2... Petroleum, afl, and jubricants. POMaR. The storage area for these products is referred ta as Position operational, meteorological aircraft report. 480 POL farm,