J. W. Healy, "Estimation of Plutonium Lung predicted urinary excretion rate and time, assuming Burden by Urine Analysis," Amer. Ind. Hyg. various rates of exponential clearance from a nonsystemic reservoir. t Assoc. Quart. 18, 261 (1957). The solid line represents the S. A. Beach and G. W. Dolphin, "Determinat i: systemic exposure model (no transfer from the lung) of Plutonium Body Burdens from Measurements Daily Urine Excretion," in Assessment of Ra activity in Man (International Atomic Energ: which is the basis of the PUQFUA computational 12,13 model. Even for slow lung clearance times Agency, Vienna, 1964), Vol. II, p. 603. (e.g-, 693-day half times), the lung model and the W. R. Wood, Jr. and W. E. Sheehan, "Evaluat of the PUQFUA Method of Calculating Systemi Burdens," Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 32, 58 systemic model both yield similar urinary excretion values at 104 days, which corresponds to about 27 years following exposure. (1971). It is important to appreciate that these are idealized curves which are 10. used as the bases for estimating plutonium body burdens. closely during employment, urine samples can be obtained only at relatively infrequent times. 11. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1964), Vol. II, p. 565. also true in the case of some UPPU Club members who, atively few urine samples during the intervening 27 years. 12. entific Laboratory report LA~2329 (April 1960). to estimate body burdens for the subjects of this viduals. J. N. P. Lawrence, “PUQFUA: An IBM-704 FORTRAN Code for Determining Plutonium Body Burden from Urine Assays," Los Alamos Sci- To date, the number of urine samples used study have ranged from 5 to 125 for different indi- W. H. Langham, "Physiological Properties of Plutonium and Assessment of Body Burden in Man," in Assessment of Radioactivity in Man This is although exposed in 1944 or 1945, provided rel- tion of Excretion Analyses to the Determina of Body Burden of Radioactive Isotopes," Br J. Radiol. Suppl. 7, 95 (1957), Part V. In real life, except for persons with industrial exposures who sometimes can be followed W. H. Langham, “Excretion Methods, The Appl 13. J. N. P. Lawrence, "PUQFUA, An IBM 704 Code for Computing Plutonium Body Burdens,” Health Phys. 8, 61 (1962). REFERENCES 1. W. Langham and E. R. Russell, "Excretion Studies,'' in "Report of Conference on Plutonium -~ May 14th and 15th, 1945," J. J. Nickson, Ed. (Clinton Laboratory), report CN-3167, p. 27. 2. E. E. Campbell, M. F. Milligan, W. D. Moss, and H. F. Schulte, "History of Plutonium Bioassay Program at LASL, 1944-1972," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-5008 (September 1972). 3. E. I. Hamilton, "The Registration of Charged Particles in Solids: An Alternative to Auto- radiography in the Life Sciences," Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 19, 159 (1968). 4. W. H. Langham, "Determination of Internally 5. W. H. Langham, S. H. Bassett, P. S. Harris, Deposited Radioactive Isotopes from Excretion Analyses," Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quart. 17, 305 (1956). and R. E. Carter, "Distribution and Excretion of Plutonium Administered Intravenously to Man," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-1151 (September 1950). 6. P. W. Durbin, "Plutonium in Man: A TwentyFive Year Review," University of California Radiation Laboratory report UCRL-20850 (June 1971). en ye . 28 ead ay