2 believed they ander control, -ERSP custody E-ERSP would zed that it was woe eee ee TAK ATOLL Runit (Yvonne) Cleanup and Crater Containment 445 toward identifying the appropriate disposition of each item. During the September 1978 survey, it was estimated that there were approximately 10,000 cubic yards of debris on Runit andits associated reef areas, 4,100 of which should be disposed of in the crater.190 A resurvey 2 monthslater estimated that only 2,200 cubic yards need be disposedofin the crater. 10! uince area and xcised, but he remain under Someofthe higher levels of gamma contamination (maximum intensity of 25 milliroentgens per hour) were foundin a twisted metal debris pile on the reef just north the old runway. Other metal located in the area of the reviewed data other files and iterial. Jt was yags measured Debris underwater and on the reef had to be surveyed and marked several times because wave action removed both the paint and the engineer ribbon used to code its radiological condition. Efficiency of this operation could have beenincreased greatly if the USAE had been tasked to provide ats themselves yncrete or soil anic content of slatively low.96 din the Donut Blackfoot GZ had gammareadings up to 17 milliroentgens per hour.!92 equipment to remove debris as it was being surveyed.!93 By the end of 1978, only 1,724 cubic yards of debris had been cleaned up on Runit, most of it by the WBCT or during the removal of contaminated debris from South Runit in 1977. 104 The delays in accomplishing Runit debris cleanup had adverse effects. The landing craft which had been beached near Station 1310 during the testing period to provide shoreprotection were sufficiently exposed in 1977 to have permitted complete demolition and removal. However, by late bris and crater he cleanup of than on other ctor, DNA or by the concept iere was a lowtransportation the end of the 1979, due to settling and shifting sands, only portions of the superstructures were exposed, and major excavation would have been required to remove them. These landing craft were not contaminated; therefore, it was decided to remove the exposed hazards only. The most serious adverse effect of the delays, however, was that red debris continuedto be located after containment operations had been completed, requiring extraordinary measures for containment. These are described in a subsequent section. In all, 4,120 cubic yards of contaminated debris and 1,482 cubic yards of noncontaminated debris were removed from Runit andits reef. out to be ill- 78, the CJTG using available interpretation ‘t that all debris inup continued ‘in July 1977. haracterization de in thelatter imarily toward “ol, rather than RUNIT SOIL CLEANUP Several alternatives for cleanup of contaminated soil on Runit were considered at the 4 May 1978 Enewetak Cleanup Planning Conference including: a. No cleanup; b. Clean all concentrations over 160 pCi/g immediately; c. Clean all concentrations over [60 pCi/g after all other soil cleanup was complete; and , || | | |