TABLE 1-2. ADDITIONAL NATIVE NAMES FROM THE LITERATURE HINES, 1962 DABY EDNA FLORA GENE JANET KATE SALLY PACIFIC ISLANDS YEAR BOOK, 1972 NVO-140, 1973, p. 492 OTHERS Cochiti Sanildefonso Eluklab Dredrelbwij Muzin VERA YVONNE Muzinbaaiku Ruunitto BRUCE REX FRED KEITH TOBIN, 19678 Browne Jeroru Aaranbiru Arthur LD Aoman‘, Aranit Aniyaani Giriinian Brown 8Doctoral Dissertation DBryan, 1971 CApplied Fisheries Laboratory, University of Washington During the period 1963-73, new orthographies were developed by the Pacifie and Asian Language Institute at the University of Hawaii. American linguists were sent to each district to work with a committee of local people to develop acceptable letter forms for each sound. Anomalies of pronunciation are generally solved in the orthographies by adding extra letters and syllables. For example, an old text was entitled "Pilung Nu Maday" using the system developed by early missionaries; in the new system it was "PIILUUNG NUU MADAAY." Island leaders did not like the new orthographies which made everything look strange and unusual, so they agreed to drop the double vowels ii, ee, ea, ae, uu, 00, oe, and aa. (Nevin, 1977.) it is difficult to trace the exact effect of the developing orthographies on the spelling of island names at Enewetak because of other influences. Pronunciation and spelling of place names were affected first by the hard sounds of the German language, then by the r/l differences of the Japanese language. Removing the effects of outside influences to arrive at the pronunciation and spelling preferred by the people of Enewetak produces some drastic changes as shown in Table i-l. changes have become generally accepted since distribution of NVO-140 in 1974. These The site names listed in Table 1-1 were assigned during the atomic testing period, except for the “daughter" islets which were named during the 1972-73 survey or 1977-80 cleanup. Assigned names start with Alice, at about 11] o'clock on the roughly circular atoll, and proceed through the alphabet going clockwise. Letters not used in the female names include Q, X, and Z.* Island Percy, located between islands Lucy and Mary, must have been given a site name later than the other northern islands. Principal sites in the southern portion were assigned male names from Alvin through Oscar, then Rex through Walt. However, these sites were not named in a straightforward, clockwise order. Throughout this report, islands and islets will be referenced by English site name only. Three exceptions to this rule are noted: Enewetak will be called Enewetak, not Fred; the Aomon Crypt will be called the Aomon Crypt, not the Sally Crypt; and, in Chapter 7, the first reference to each island name will include the native name in parentheses spelled according to Tobin, 1973. From this point forward, the spelling of the atoll name will be Enewetak unless the name appears in a quotation, in which case the source spelling will be followed. *The letter Z was assigned to Zona, a small islet southeast of Yvonne, which is no longer there.