Janet was selected for the experiment primarily because it was the most important northern island in terms of future residence, agriculture, or food gathering, depending on the final radiological status of the island after cleanup. Initially, three areas on Janet were selected for preliminary examinations. After IMP surface area measurements, IMP scans of surface samples, and profile soil characterization, one of the areas was selected for more intensive measurements. The plow arrived at Enewetak on 8 June 1978. The plow was reassembled, and a plowing trial was eonducted on the island of Elmer on June 19. Plowing of the experimental plot on Janet was accomplished on June 21-22. The plow was pulled by a D-8K Caterpillar tractor. Unfortunately, the hydraulic ram on the plow failed and could not be repaired at Enewetak. Since the plow could not be raised or lowered hydraulically, a front-end loader was used to start the plow into the ground andlift it out. The plow had to be pulled at a fairly rapid rate (about 67 m/min) to turn the sandy soil over satisfactorily. At first, brush, vines, and buried cables wrapped around the leading edge of the plow, necessitating frequent stops and clearance of the accumulated material. After the areas were cleared of vegetation and debris, plowing proceeded more satisfactorily. The plow was effective in plowing to a depth of about 50 cm, even ripping through partially consolidated coral. The experimental area on Janet was divided into four rows, two plowed and two unplowed, each further divided into two subparcels. The americium-241 present in the soil was used as a tracer to determine the effectiveness of plowing in mixing the soil from the surface to depth. Pre- and postplowing surface and profile measurements were madeof soil types and 241 am concentrations. Plowing wasrelatively effective in mixing 241 am at the surface down to 50em, although "hot spots" were evident at various depths. Surface concentrations which averaged from 14 to 27 pCi/g were reduced to 1.2 to 3.6 pCi/g. Similarly, organic matter from upper levels of soil likely was mixed fairly well to lower depths, although the comparatively darker organic soil appeared here and there as thin layers in lighter colored coralline sand. (Deep disking following the plowing probably would have mixed the soil more uniformly, as is the case in usual agricultural practice; however, disking was not done in this experiment.) No decision was made about whether plowing would be an acceptable technique for use in the cleanup program at Enewetak Atoll. Accordingly, the contaminated surface soil was removed from the two unplowedplots in late spring of 1979. Before plowing can be recommended as a technique for treatment of a particular radioactively-contaminated area, relatively long-term plowing experiments should be conducted in the environments of interest. In desert areas such as the Nevada Test Site, it is clear that almost all of the contamination of vegetation by transuranies is due to external contamination (Romney and Wallace, 1976) and that resuspension of transuranics by wind obviously is from surface areas. In an eastern deciduous forest site near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, resuspension of soil and contamination on external surfaces of vegetation is minimal. Uptake of transuranices through roots of vegetation is very low, with the ratio of Pu(veg)/Pu(soil) observed to be in the range of 107° to 1074 (Dahlman and McLeod, 1976). On the other hand, radioisotopes such as 137Cs and 90sr are taken up readily into vegetation (Colsher, 1977). Uptake of cesium from soil into vegetation is influenced strongly by competing elements such as potassium and rubidium in soil (Davis, 1963). Absorption of strontium from soil into vegetation is affected by soil caleium (Menzel and James, 1971). 172