96 EFFECTS iF TON 2iNG RADIATION Japan.or df partias suelters are employed, the percentage of aseaccie.s from these would decrease anid toe cercentuce vith tion damiuge would sr re ase 6.22 Added Effects of Megaton Weapons rata 31 Immediate Gamma and Neutron Radiations The radiation hazard i due essentiady en tirely to the imimedsite ueutron and anim radiation from the svenpon and exposure ‘6 these radiations ion ve matter of seconds. 4 duration. Fallout i relatively of no sige ty eance.* Thus. there os ne sc@nitiessat conta nation of the skia and theretore, no pety leston- of the skin To kewaee. here i ao simatiesat danger of ingest on or taakicot of radioner ve material, and heave nt oe 6.3 sources tide tte: aren [mmeciate Blast, Heat and Radiation Effects Woo Virk Mrearon Bown, the same probeins encountered with earlier atomic weap- ys ure also encountered, only magnified many vos. “The grea of total destruction, instead of che or two miles in dinmeter, may extend sev- era tings thae far, depending upon the size of "Ne V PRDOTL, There are blast, heat and radiatan easailties as before. and the same problems fo ohanchne mass castaities on an unprecelented seale with minimal or no facilities per- fain Pa asiditien, the problem of extensive Fuilout = likely te enter lem. Both the immediiie amma and veutron radiations are highly oenetr iti and wall pro duce acute total bods radiation uayurs on nae The ratio of neatron to eamima ray contribu tion to the tota efferrive close vo distiaces of biological sigmit race varces with WEA DET TV be, With most comunon siierding miverials earl. concrete). the relat vw neutron contribution a the total dose Gecrenses sty puissage Copenh the matertals. 6.23 The effects previously desertbed were fer igh air burst only and With surfaces wider oundery iter weupons, In addition diate tonizing@ be oursts tess oc than weapon: Howerer. = of oo Dhiet. heat. cid vadetoars. tion from fallout cur of course “Sivmiticump srentrre ant Banceid Rese iars only when the are ballof the bomb comes im contaet with the ~ifiee of the earth With the high atr burst, Padtonctivity condenses only on solid particles from the bomb components itself, and on dust hotae imine eras eottan st oir Pts extent were oe th the “mee ie” oorend al serropsiess 6+ air The particles are small, are irawi cul inte the atmosphere and do not settle te the earth for periods of days or even 2s the time thes reach the earth's -arface, the major part of their radioactivity ses peer chissipared harmlessly in the atmosonere vid no significant hazard results. Tf, However, the weapon is detonated on the surface oft close enough so that the fire ball touches the surfuee, then large amounts of material are Many of the paticles thits formed are heavy enough to desend rapidly while stu mrensely radioactive. Phe cesalt sa compruarively localized aren of estreme radionetive contamunrtion and a mitch drawn tp ito the pemb cloud. harger area of some tiazard, Phe fallout area consists, in effect, of a large ontuintiated plane texcept as modified by levels present 4 kiloten hot be ignored may be Phenomenologyof Faliout mnonths. Dependence of Fffects on Circumstances ot Weapon Detonation eround 6.32 fe of en ron oneueed Hort bore rad Tear ron oat fe ot moulodtes or other structures), emutting alpha, berated penetrating gumuna pays. Et is ap-