13 There are other problems. Soil compositions have been altered as a result of nuciear bomb tests making it @ifficult to cultivate basic food sources. Moreover, a number of younger Bikinians have never lived on the atoll and are not familiar with basic skills required for daily survival. alarming is the grim possibility that Bikinians, Perhaps most like American Indians, may become wards to the extent that livelihood and quality of life will be totally derived from federal government provisions. Summary and Conclusions Forced relocation of cultural groups is an issue that has far-reaching psychosocial implications. Historians and cultural anthropologists have consistently reminded us cf the impact of forced movement on maintenance of traditional cultural lifestyles and values. To the contrary, there are those who favor assimilation through forced movements and argue that it protects groups that might otherwise be victimized by unscrupulous and inciéious land developers and colonists. In some instances forced movement is necessary particularly when a group is faced with the awesome effects of natural hazards, “However, trations where the examples discussed earlier offer forced movement has occurred as a result of self- serving interests of government agencies. case illus- the outcomes In each and every have produced dramatic and unalterable changes in quality of life. | Understanding of the problems of groups pressured to migrate must begin by assessing the manner in which an gum 04