anh matte sndueles POG. Pacific Proving Ground ‘after 1956 designated the Entwetox Proving Ground, or EPG). promot radiation. See initial radiation. Duro'e cord*tians. A shipboard warning system used in radinlogica) cefense. Various numbered conditions were sounded when radirxactive fallout was encountered. Responses ta the sounded warnings included slos79g of various hateres and fittings, turning ff parts of tne ventilatton system, and removing personnel from a snip'’s open decks. ee poorety raid:alogical sttuatcon. The higher tne Purple condition number, the tore severe the "Q'-clearance. A security clearance granted by the Atomic Energy Commission, based upon an investigation linducted by tre FBI. R; or. 2a. rid, ~~ S.m301 for roentgen. Chemical symbol for radium. Radiation absorbed dose. A unit of absorbed dose of radiation; it represents the absorption of 100 args of jontzing radiation per gram (or 0.01 J/kg) of absorbing material, such as body tissue. This unit 3S presently being replaced in scientific literature by the Gray (Gy), numerical equal to the absorption of 1 joule of energy per kilogram of matter. RadDefense. Radialogical defense. Defense against the effects of radioactivity from atomic weapons. It “ncludes the detection and measurement of radioactivity, the protection of persons from radioactivity, and decontamination of areas, places, and equipment. See also radsafe. racex area. Radiological exclusion area. Following each detonation there were areas of surface radiologicai contamination and areas of air radiological contamination. These areas were designated as radex areas. Radex areas were used to chart actual or predicted fallout and also used for control of entry and exit. radiation, The emission of any rays, electromagnetic waves, or particles (e.g., gamma rays, alpha parti- cles, deta particles, neutrons} from a source. radiatton decay. See decay (radioactive). radiation detectors. Any of a wide variety of materials or instruments that provide a signal when stimulated by the passage af fonizing radiation; the sensitive element jin radiation detection instruments. The most widely used media for the detection of tonizing radiation are photographic film and ionization of gases in detectors (e.g., Geiger counters), followed by materials in which radiation induces scintillation. radiation exposure. Exposure to radiation may be described and modified by a number of terms. of radiation 1s neutrons, it may be from radionuclides retained within diation. important: alpha and beta particles, The type neutrons, gamma rays and X-rays, and cosmic ra- Radiation exposure may be from an external radiation source, such as gamma rays, X-rays, or or the body emitting alpha, beta, or gamma ra- dtation. The exposure may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating radiation in relation to its aoility to enter and pass through matter -- alpha and beta particles being considered as nonpenetrating and other types of radiation as penetrating. Exposure may be related to a part of the body or to the whole body. See also whole body irradiation. radiation intensity. Degree of radiation. Measured and reported in roentgens (R), rads, rems, and rep, multiples and divisions of these units, and multiples and divisions of these units as a function of exposure rate (per hour, day, etc.). radioactive (or nuclear) cloud. An all-inclusive term for the cloud of hot gases. smoke, dust, and other particulate matter from the weapon itself and from the environment, which is carried aloft in conjunction with the rising fireball produced by the detonation of a nuclear weapon. radioactive nuclide. See radionuclide. radioactive particles. radioactive pool. See radioactivity. A disk-like pool of radioactive water near the surface termed by a water-surface or sub- surface detonation. The poo! gradually expands into an annular form, then reverts to a larger irreg- ular disk shape at later times with a corresponding attenuation of radioactivity. Pools formed ay CASTLE snots over water contained radioactive Earth particulates as well as other radioactive materials because of the shallowness of the water. 481