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energy results from thermonuclear (fusion) reactions of the isotopes of hydrogen have been called
H-bambs or hydrogen bombs.
nuclear explosion.
Explosive release of energy due to the splitting, or joining, of atoms.
The exptaston
1s observable by a violent emission of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared (heat) radiation, gamma
rays,
neutrons, and other particles.
This
is
accompanied by the formation of a fireball’.
A
large
part of the energy from the explasion is emitted as blast and shock waves when detonated at the
Earth's surface or in the atmosphere. The fireball produces a mushroom-shaped mass of hot gases and
debris, the top of which rises rapidly. See also radiation, gamma rays, fireball, nuclear weapon,
fission, fusion, blast.
nuclear fusion.
See thermonuclear fusion.
nuclear radiation.
Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei in various
nucléar processes. The important nuclear radiations, from the weapons standpoint, are alpha and beta
particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. All nuclear radiations are ionizing radiations, but the reverse
is not true; X-rays, for example, are included among ionizing radiations, but they are not nuclear
radiatians since they do not originate from atomic nuclei.
nuclear tests.
Tests carried out to supply information required for the design and improvement of nuclear
weapons and to study the phenomena and effects associated with nuclear explosions.
nuclide. Any species of atom that exists for a measurable length of time.
The term nuclide is used to describe any atomic species distinguished by the composition of its nucleus; j.e., by the number of pro
tons and the number of neutrons.
Isotopes of a given element are nuclides having the normal number of
protons but different numbers of neutrons in this nuclei. A radionuclide is a radioactive nuclide.
NYKOPO.
New York Operations Office (Atomic Energy Commissian)}.
off-scale. Radiation (or other physical phenomena) greater than the capacity of a measuring device to
measure.
ONR.
Office of Naval Research, Washington, 0.C.
OPNAV.
ORNL.
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee.
oscilloscope.
The name generally applied to a catnode-ray device.
overpressure.
The transient pressure, usually expressed in pounds per square inch, exceeding the ambient
pressure, manifested in the shock (or blast) wave from an explosion.
P2VS and 6. Twin-engine patrol bomber used for maritime patrol and antisubmarine warfare.
Lockheed for the U.S. Navy. Used in CASTLE as controller and transient ship search.
P4¥2.
Oeveloped by
Four-engine patrol] bomber developed by Consalidated from the Air Force 8-24 for tne U.S. Navy.
Used in CASTLE as a telemetry receiver for Project 1.4.
PBMSA. Twin-engine, patral-bomber flying boat, developed by Martin for the U.S. Navy. Used in CASTLE for
airlift.
PC.
Patrol craft.
peak overpressure.
The maximum value of the overpressure (which see) at a given location.
permissible contamination or dose.
That dose of ionizing radiation that is not expected to cause appre-
ciable bodfTy injury to a person at any time during his lifetime.
phantom. A volume of material closely approximating the density and effective atomic aumber of tissue.
The phantom absorbs ionizing radiation in the same manner as tissue, thus radiation dose measurements
made within the phantom provide a means of approximating the radiation dose witnin a human or animal
body under similar exposure conditions. Materials commonly used for phantoms are water, masonite,
pressed wood, and beeswax.
ay.
A heavily shielded container {usually lead) used to ship or store radioactive materials.
7...
Petraleum, oil, and lubricants.
POMP,
The storage area for these products is referred to as a POL farm.
Position operational, meteorologica! aircraft report.
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