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A Differenc Approach
Vv. OP.
to Evaluating nhealtn Etfects trom Kaciatien Expesute =
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Feinetcesen’
INTRODUCTION
spans
eavironmental agent of
toe
concern,
the control of cancer,
entice
range
from consticucits am
to being an ¢
ectlve
These cNaracteristics plaice
of public health {including epidemlology (Ph);
of pharmacology,
toxicology, and medicine
divide low-level exposure
.aterese
forter t2
the latter in tne
(14d).
(LLE) to radtation,
ubicgsrtous
therar2
the
it
w
that
Lf ave tre only apent or
be
et
e~
fi
setences
the few,
ct
health
ts one of
rh
Radiation
a
the teal
discirline
The sane craracterisiics
froa tlgn—-level exsosure
(HLE).
The basic radiation quantitivs anu unics
the ICRU (f ) were developed during
therapeutic uses,
defited iF
in snien essentialls
the sole
and laraely on the
acute effects cn an organ orc a tumor: clearly
be comfortably accommodates by
during
this period.
proportional
tumors
these effects of HLE coulst, amc still can
chose 2cantities ana units acoot
“
to adsorcsed ause, on whic. cepenas
tne fracticr of
.
State, iret
the above happy State of affairs vas not achfeved «itnrot
considerable discussion ana disagreements about mow Cie “amoent™
quantity of radiation was
energy
the
fluence
to be defined.
In
the physicisi’s eye,
total energy flow froa a source, per unit sr2a,
times
the exposure
physician's standpoiact,
regarded as
time.
On
the other
hand,
from
or
tris
i.e., the
the
the amount of radiation in the ambient fiela as
irrelevant: what mattered sas considered
actually absorbed in
tissue.
In fact,
to be that wnict vas
the “skin erythema cose” unit :é
radiation “amount” had already been invented and used,
physical measurement beyond the amount of
whics by-passes ane
time spent in a retlution ‘:els
celebrated with such a “btologtcal dosineter™.
5001850
z
to essentially permanent or lethal uysluncction;.
However,
quantity was
a
These consisted tainly of vegan or tumsr exrosure.
responding quantally (i.e., an alleor-notning cnange of
funetional,
nus, ine
"fe
description and quantification of
in the “sc rceain.
earir
o
focus was on diagnostic anda
that era
ia current use anc
a
’