162
Health Physics
August 2010, Volume 99, Number 2
Table 1. Assumed time-of-intake, TOI (h, post-detonation), of fallout from acute exposure, rounded to nearest whole
hour, for the 26 population groups (see Table 2, Simonet al. 2010) and for the 20 tests with measurable deposition (see text).
Population group
Ailinginae*
Ailinglaplap
Ailuk
Arno
Aur
Yoke
Dog
Item
Mike
King
Bravo
Romeo
Koon
Union
Yankee
—
207
—
—
—
—
—
56
—
34
6
73
—
154
—
34
—
119
—
56
—
—
98
—
78
202
119
238
154
25
59
70
34
196
189
190
78
—
188
Ebon
218
—
Jaluit
Kwajalein
Lae
Lib Island
Likiep
210
50
225
217
202
—
91
92
102
78
Mejit Island
Mili
Namorik
Namu
Rongelap control
group*
175
207
213
213
36
Bikini community”
Enewetak community°
Majuro
Maloelap
Rongelap Island
community*
Rongerik®
50
17
—
38
56
56
56
56
17
34
—
—
—
17
—
—
—
—
—
56
56
56
56
56
50
28
28
34
34
78
—
—
195
63
—
—
—
—
—
56
56
56
56
56
39
50
36
63
—
—
—
70
81
192
185
Ujae
227
Wotho
Wotje
42
190
Utrik community"
24
—
—
—
—
178
95
88
85
—
—
76
56
56
84
36
34
101
91
210
140
42
168
112
49
67
56
175
126
31
196
140
126
154
112
126
25
34
31
34
238
76
76
84
39
154
42
56
56
49
154
168
196
154
140°
42
112
140
34
101°
49
196
147
84
168°
56
168
182
56
67°
34
17
42
70
78
70
67°
140
154
56
17
8
140°
25!
76'
67°
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
67
35
140!
25)
76:
42)
—
—
56
56
56
50
34
76
126
168
161
67
59
—
56
56
38
67
59
11
34
52
126
17
39
18
55
126
140
31
101
84
34
34
70
168
126
67
56
34
56
63
70
49
56
“TOI for Rongelap Island community members temporarily on Sifo, Ailinginae.
> TOI for Yoke is for Kwajalein, all others for Bikini community are for Kili Island.
“ All TOls are for Ujelang.
“ ALL TOIs are for Rongelap Island except where noted.
© TOI at Majuro.
"TOI at Kwajalein.
© American military weather observers.
" TOI at Utrik except where noted.
TOI at Kwajalein.
given test and location, is assumed to be independent of
the radionuclide considered because the intake, O (Bq), is
assumedto be instantaneous anddirectly proportional to the
ground deposition density, Dep (Bq m*). Also, as dis-
cussed earlier, it is assumed in this work that the relation-
ship between ground deposition, Dep, and intake, Q, that
was obtained for the Bravo test at Rongelap, holds for all
other tests and locations as well. The intakes by adults of
'7Cs at atoll i, followingtest j, are calculated as follows:
O(37Cs, i, j= O(!°"Cs, Rongelap, Brav
o)
Dep('?'Cs,i, j)
Dep('?'Cs, Rongelap, Bravo)’
(3)
Using the results from eqn (3), the intakes of any
radionuclide, Z, other than '*’Cs, at atoll i from test j, are
calculated as:
Q(Z,i, j) = O(°"Cs, i,j) X NDyo(Z, i,j).
(4)
Estimating acute radionuclide intakes for
younger ages. As described in detail earlier, we have
relied upon bioassay data for adults to estimate acute
intakes of '°'I from Bravo at Rongelap and scaled those
intakes to the varying ground deposition of '’Cs from
each nuclear test at each atoll to calculate intakes ofall
other radionuclides by adults. Acute intakes also have been
estimated for younger aged personsclassified into the five
age groups considered by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection ICRP 1993), 1.e., 0-1 y, 1-2 y, 3-7
y, 8-12 y, and 13-17 y. For estimating intakes by younger
aged persons, we have relied upon a combination of
bioassay measurements among persons youngerthan adult,
reported by investigators at the Walter Reed ArmyInstitute
(Woodward et al. 1959) and the USAEC (1956), and
various age-dependent parameters from the literature that
are potentially related to internal contamination of the body.
We directly compared the age dependence of the daily
excretions (Bq,total beta activity) for young age groups (see
Table A2
of Harris
et al.
2010)
to
six different
physiologically- and anatomically-related parameters including breathing rates (at rest and during light exercise),
body mass, daily water requirements, basal metabolic rate,