~ (a) Oo & 23 fs eo 8 ° (b) c 88 7, 22 5+ So eS 3r 6 2F wa gt oO o 0 l lL 4 T t aad cre 0 at high doses, may have had a great effect of the ultimate type of nodule that develops, or (2) lumping of adenomas, occult papillary carcinomas, and overt carcinomas in one "neoplastic" category is not valid for this type of analysis. Probably 1 T T Y ° : D oO 1 0 , : 0 Oo 1 Pap a 10 20 Years Post-Exqbsure af 30 i Relation of thyroid-absorbed ddke to time of development of (a) non-neoplastic nodules (adenomatous nodules) and (b) n@pplastic nodules (adenomas, occult papillary carcinfpmas, and overt thyroid carcinomas.) The relation of radiation dose to time of development of all nodules is identi al for males and females (Fig. 5). 60 T 2 oO 59 b Oc Bs both explanations are correct to some extent. It i = o may be that high and low dosesof radiation to the thyroid are equally neoplastigenic but not carcinogenic. 2) What was the role of gender in nodule development: The distribution of various nodule types by gender (Table 4) shows a female preponderance for all categories of nodules. This is to be = expectedin all but the occult papillary carcinomas. Published data indicate that in the latter both genders are affected about equally, although sometimes there is a male preponderance (Woolner et al., 1960; Harach et al., 1985; Sampsonetal., 1971). " 30 Utirik “> Rongelap sm Utirik Fig. 4: wa Rongelap F410; . | . Neoflastic Nodules + 8B 20+ $ Surgically confirmed thyroid nodules, Rongelap and Utirik exposed population. (a) Surgical cases per year, (b) surgical cases per year expressed as percent of the remaining susceptible population. (remaining individuals at risk to develop their first nodule). ' (b) OD 4 TOT Tet Pa | ‘ 5 4 3 oO 20 3 407 2 30+ : 4 Years Post-Exmbsure 60 & 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Fig.3: 0 . &@ 10 < SB 46 wn n Q 1 Qo = Utirik # O I gOo S50, | Rongelap O o, 0 o T Nonnepplastic Nodules| i 10 T a4 0 3 10 1 oO S 20+ ~ ~ 6+F oo ca < 2 Rongelap m= Utirik ® (a). B 30+ 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 CoQ tooo a 2 40+ Q - a Tr 2 507 ho Thyroid Nodules (Cases Per Year) 6U o D> ™ —~ | r L g 2 2 «x < oO 85 Be FE a2 q qT t T mo @ T = Male o Female ac. Oo 20F so 6 o Oo o 10 | QO a oO 5 o a “ | 3 a fo . 20 30 Years Post-Expos@re 19 | | as 0 0 Fig, 5: 1 o 30F 6 & 10F eo T Relation of thyroid-absorbed d to time of development of surgically contfmed nodules, according to gender. 40 !