combination piers and these plans were placed on file in the field,
available for immediate use. Such plans were utilized, not only for some
new piers which it was found necessary to construct, but for enlargement
of existing piers.

The design for all piers was predicated upon at least two usages
for experimentation purposes, As in the case of the Biijiri-Rojoa causeway, exceptionally rapid deterioration of all untreated wood in contact

with sea water below highest tide, due to the attack of teredo and limnoria
led to the requirement that all piles be specified for 16 pounds per cubic
foot creosote treatment, and all diagonal bracing, pile caps, and stringers

be creosote treatment to & pounds per cubic foot or 3/4 inch penetration

by alternate vacum and pressure method,

All bored holes in piles and

diagonal bracing were thoroughly swabbed with creosote before insertion
of halts or pins.

Over all piles, 12 inch by 12 inch caps were used; 4 inch by 12 inch
stringers were used on the lighter pliers and 4 inch by 16 inch stringers
for the major piers which were subject to heavier loading. Port Orford
cedar decking wes used for all piers for economy, workability, and wear.
Bollards and cleats were firmly bolted to the decks for lashing boats
alongside and these were supplemented by the driving of adjacent dolphins
for the more important piers.

The decision to use timber and pile construction was reached after
study of the effect of storm water and currents on Sandstone moles, and
after an economic study of different methods, Test piles were driven
before materials were ardered and the program accepted.
For the Sandstone experiments, solid jetties composed of Navy _
cubicles or other material at hand had been extended out into the lagoon,

and shallow draft boats were lashed alongside for loading or unloading.

In some cases these moles were repaired and utilized as the shore end of
the new piers, the extension to deeper water being of the regulation pile
and deck type.
Figure 5.24-1 shows a typical cargo pier, and Figure 5.24-2 shows
a combination personnel and cargo pier.

5-298

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