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RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL

contaminated soil and metal and encountered a high water table Which
hampered digging below 6 feet.35.56 Results were discussed by Fielg

Command and JTG engineers during a conference in Albuquerque in

February 1978. Most agreed that use of a steel sheetpiling enclosure

normal excavation techniques, and a drain pile should permit remova} of
the material without spreading contamination. Others felt that more data
were required.
The secondinvestigation was conducted in April 1978, using backhoes

and hand augers. Red and green dye was poured into someof the holesin

an attempt to trace the flow of tidal water. Results of this test were
inconclusive and somewhat confusing. In some holes, the dye appeared tg

intensify in color rather than fade asit diluted in the ground water.37.38

At the 4 May 1978 conference, the Director, DNA decided that a major

effort would be made to excavate the crypt. On 13 May 1978, the USAE

submitted a preliminary design schemefor the excavation. This plan calleq

for a 50-foot by 280-foot sheet pile enclosure, from which 12,000 cubic

yards of contaminated material would be excavated. Test wells, borings,
and backhoe samples had indicated that the water level was 2 feet below
the surface, and unstablesoil existed around the excavations.2?
At the same conference, DOE-ERSP had indicated that they would

identify experienced contractors to look at various solutions for cleaning

out the Aomon Crypt. At a meeting of DOE and Field Command
representatives at DOE-NV on 6 June 1978, a representative of Fenix and
Scission, Inc. (F&S) presented a concept for removing the contaminated

soil in the crypt. The proposed concept provided for a hydraulic dredging
operation, using a specially fabricated jet dredge head.
Under the F&S proposal, the size of material removed by dredging
would be limited to the screen mesh size of 2-3/4 inches. Special
equipmentrequiring long delivery times and technical assistance would be
needed.Settling tanks would be required for separating water and soil so
that emptying the tanks would require additional equipment and add to the
complexity. In short, the method appeared to be expensive in money,
time, and complexity and had no particular advantage over more
conventional methods. Therefore, it was not adopted.

At the June 1978 meeting, a recommendation was madetostart a test

excavation using a crane with dragline to characterize the contents of the

crypt and the stability of the soil. It was proposed to start the test
excavation while the investigation of the jet dredge concept was underway.

Another moredetailed exploratory excavation was conducted on 26 July

1978. During this exploration, a 6-foot deep hole with the approximate

dimensions of 10 feet by 12 feet was dug using both a hydraulically

operated backhoeand a crane with clamshell. The water which rushed into

the hole confirmed a constant water level 2 feet below the surface. It also

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