338 RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL with an average of 97 pCi/g before plowing. Soil profile readings showed a rapid drop in contamination levels, a factor of 10 in the first 10 centimeters, and no elevated subsurface readings. Four 25-by-25-meter areas were reserved as control areas and four were selected for plowing. Most debris and vegetation was removed, and soil sampling holes in these areas were filled and smoothed. The plow was pulled by a USAE-operated D8 bulldozer, plowing to 3-foot depths with no difficulty. The plow’s hydraulic system for raising and lowering the blade was inoperative, therefore a front loader was used to drive the point into the ground and lift it out. Consequently, plowing was accomplished by making large turns at the ends of the furrows with the blade left in the ground. Brush, dead limbs, and old signal cables tended to foul the plow and had to be removed by bulldozer. Two of the plowed areas contained good, dark earth down to approximately 30 centimeters while cover on the other two was mostly coral and very shallow. Plowed areas had to be backbladed with a bulldozer to provide a plane surface for IMP measurement. The IMP surveys showed considerable reduction in surface contamination on the plowed areas and nosignificant changein the control areas.’ Frequent rain stabilized the soil, facilitating subsurface soil sampling. Trenches cut with a backhoe retained their vertical structure. The soil in the trench walls appeared to be well mixed, although occasional darker patches and layers of organic origin appeared in the lighter coral regions. The plowing experiment confirmed that, under the conditions foundat Enewetak, surface contamination could be reduced substantially by plowing. A multivariate statistical analysis confirmed the expectation that the distribution of contamination would be altered considerably along the entire profile. Contamination was generally mixed throughout the plowedprofile, but some was deposited at depths with little mixing. In mixed areas, the contamination washighly diluted regardless of the original concentration. Hot spots in concentrations of 25 to 50 percent of that of the original surface contamination levels were foundatall of the depths sampled, with most being observed at 30 centimeters or deeper. The Plow-X area subsequently was reduced to less than 40 pCi/g by standard soil removal procedures. The plowing experiment was eminently successful, and it showed that— without question—plowing could be used effectively to reduce surface transuranic contamination and thus reduce thelikelihood of transuranic resuspensionin air, with its potential inhalation hazard. However, VADM Monroefirmly regarded plowing as a ‘‘measureof last resort.’’ He saw two significant drawbacks that would result from plowing: First, as pointed out by the Bair Committee, plowing merely distributed the transuranics to lower levels in the soil. It in no way reduced the bE