292 RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL ACCOUNTING FOR CURIES One additional goal of the pilot project was to develop methods fo measuring the amount of radioactivity in the excised soil and for Orting the soil into two stockpiles on Runit. One stockpile would consist of soi with contamination levels greater than that to which Runit would be cleaned (assumed to be 400 pCi/g), and the otherofsoil with lowerlevels Thefirst stockpile would have to be placed in the crater, while the secong could be left on Runit if resources were not sufficient to encapsulate it The procedure also would provide an accounting for the total curies of radioactive material removed. Two methods of measurement weretesteg A dirt ramp was prepared to the top of an old Japanese bunker on Aomon. The in situ van was driven to the top of the bunker where its detector could be placed over the loaded dump truck beds to measure radiation intensity. Results varied with the configuration of the load anq the positioning of the truck. As an alternative, one scoop of soil was removed from each front loader bucket before the soil was dumpedinto the truck. Individual scoop samples were composited to produce one sample per truck. The bucket loader sample and the truck top sample were each shaken vigorously, then one petri dish of soil was removed for scanning. On-site scanning of the first 18 truckloads indicated that both of these sampling methods tended to give much higher readings thanin sity surveys of the area before, during, and after soil removal operations. The truck sampling techniques were not pursuedfurther. The methodfinally adopted for calculating radioactivity removed from an area and taken to Runit was to employ the in situ data from before. during, and after soil excision, plus the subsurface profiling data.68.69 Results were sufficiently accurate to account for total curies andto sort the highly active (hot spot) soil from the low-level soil. TRANSPORT TO RUNIT Several methods of transporting contaminated soil from beach stockpiles to stockpiles on Runit were tested during the pilot soil removal project. The U.S. Navy Element (USNE)was tasked to support the project with one LCU, two LCM.-8s, and a warping tug with two causewaysections assembled asa ferry or floating platform. The USAE wastaskedtotest the LARC-LX for soil transport. Intensive reconnaissance efforts were conducted to identify alternative channel approaches and to quantify tidal restrictions to all approaches. Channel improvement techniques were included in the overall plan. Variations and modifications were authorized with HQ JTG approval.