118 RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL mission integrity. Actual cleanup work was assigned to the Army Engineer Units and the Navy Harbor Clearance Units (later known as Water-Beach Cleanup Teams). Intra-ato!l transportation was assigned to the Navy, with Planning and Programming ] 19 pacific Test Division (H&N-P TD), was to operate and maintain the newetak base camp and fur nish other contract services, ’ 257 one exception. The Army would provide amphibious lighters (LARCs), Army amphibious vehicles with a unique capability for crossing the several hundred yards of shallow reefs which surrounded many ofthe islands and prevented access by the Navy landing craft. Other support teams, ee designated by the JCS253.254 and identified in the CONPLAN,255 included: a. The Field Radiation Support Team, to be provided by the Air Force to oversee on-site radiological safety, conduct field radiological sampling of debris, and carry out explosive ordnance disposal. b. The Medical Team, to be furnished by the Air Force to provide medical and dental care to all authorized personnel on Enewetak Atoll. The physician also would serve as staff physician to the CJTG. c. The Chaplain Team, to be furnished by the Armyto providereligious services and associated support to all personnel. The Chaplain also would serve on thestaff of the CJTG. ieeistics sources and system s would be used for supply, maintenance, and portation when possible . Mili tary Ocea n Termin i als at Oak!| aifornia, and Hon olulu, Hawaii, would serv e as the primary surface sebping pom's. while Trav is AFB, California, and Hic kam AFB Hawaii oul uld d be the primary air terminal als, s, H&N aint intai aine ‘log d lopis isti ti cs su shi offipme ces nt at of orme near at thos ose loca deat tio tons to exp peui ed ite te a acqu acquisit isitiion, pack ack backi ing, ngoo é d and one Army member of the Joint Staff Propos ed that the CONPLAN provi e for the use of MIL CON funds to cover FY 1977 -1978 costs fully, if CONPLAN” minimize impa ct on Service programs in the early years The could then allow the Services to reprogram for the remaining d. The Communications-Electronics Team, to be furnished by the Air Force to provide all common-user communications support. e. The Helicopter Team, to be furnished by the Army for intra-atoll medical evacuation, and search and rescue. f. The Finance Team, consisting of one Army noncommissionedofficer to provide military pay assistance. g. The Laundry Team, to be furnished by the Army, since they were the only service which operated portable tactical laundry units, to operate a general Jaundry at Enewetak Camp anda decontamination laundry at Lojwa Camp. h. The Petroleum-Oil-Lubricants (POL) Team, to be furnished by the Air Force to resupply forward-area POL stores and provide limited quality surveillance of POL products such as helicopter fuel. i. The Airfield Team, to be furnished by the Air Force to operate the aerial port, including marshalling, Joading, and offloading ofaircraft. j. The Postal Team, to be furnished by the Air Force to operate the military post office. In addition to these teams, the Navy and Air Force were tasked to furnish technicians to work with the radiological support contractors, thus i ialogi ations.256 The radiological support contractors, engaged and supervised by ERDA, were to provide soil surveys and laboratory analyses necessary to establish cleanup requirements, to evaluate the effectiveness of cleanup work, to support radiological health and safety programs,and to certify the results of radiological cleanup. The base support contractor, Holmes & Narver- oye!259 Te caaitional Serv ice funds in FY 1979 solely for the Enewetak ; € Joint Staff persisted in adding g this thi provision: how was| nevnes er implemented bec j ause the Servic €S were able to cit the role! in een years fro m programmed funds. The Atm y member at Ont stal also proposed that the fina l O i forwarded to the JCS for a ppro val. DNA obje ject cted ed tha thatt thi thin more ) be infri on the Director’s authorit y as DOD Project Manage seer for r f, the vnee project and would unnecessSi arily involve th e JCS in in oper of atio ‘on a de nal detailsne conpeanion of concepts ; approved by the JCS in its rev iew of ihe . The JCS concurred with DNA and concentrated on i and approval of the CONP LAN 260,261 mien NowW, , all that was needed to pro duce a complete OPLAN we nial and operational deta ils which only the Military Serv ices and the oO er federal agencies could provide. Until formal JCS tasking was ven, Army activities cou ld only coordinate informally with DNA neencies ieanine ne Stat us of planning efforts. Meanwhile , the other » Including the Air Force, ; the Navy, ’ and th e dri--Enewe ta themselves, were con ree ducting surveys and refining plan s for the sleanioe SEPTEMBER 1976 SURVEYS AND CEREMONIES In September 1976, the driEnewetak Planning Council, iroij s. and respe especcted elderSs returned to the iciipate in field surve atoll to partic ys andin