TABLE
2 - cont.
TYPE OF ACTION
UNAVOTDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS
8. Topping
existing soil
° Destroy and burn at least
some vegetation
with new soil
(off atoll)
AVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS
Air emissions from burning
vegetation that may be
excessive
Possible damage to
unrecorded archaeological
sites from heavy equipment
° Possible burial of archaeolo-
gical sites
° Impacts at the site where
new soil is collected
operation
Dredging for sources of
soil (same as listed
under 9.Ba)
THT.
locate and flaq sites that should
be protected or relocated before
topping
Save or relocate important plants an
trees
° Same as listed for dredging under
9.Bo
|
ae.
Air emission controls, if necessarm
Air and dust emissions from
burning and landclearing
Reptant vegetation quickly
Study and salvage, protection or :
relocation of important historic
and archaeological sites
;
that may be excessive
Possible destruction of
valuable historic and
archaeological sites
Preferential consideration of othe
alternatives on islands where iti
feasible.
;
Disposa!
Place
soil on another
island (such as
Nam Is.)
° Destroy or damage vegetation
Dust from earthmoving and
possible air emissions
from burning vegetation
on recipient island
°* Burial of archaeological
sites, if any, on recipient
island
°
9.A,.
Air emission controls, if warranted
° Conduct archaeological study to i
SOIC EXCAVATTON ALTERNATTVES
9, Excavation
° Destroy vegetation
of soil (excluding ° Destroy some archaeological
disposal of excaand historic sites
(including buildings)
vated soil and
its replacement)
B.A.
MEASURES TO AVOID OR REDUCE
ADVERSE EFFECTS
that may be excessive
Possible damage to significant archaeological sites
Damage to reefs from
dredging channels or
accessways to recipient
island (such as Nam)
Shoreline erosion and
washout of excess fill
9.A2. Extend
seaward side of
Bikini Island by
filling nearshore
reef flat with
excavated soil
protected by armor
rock
“‘Rermanent but minor loss of
fish habitat from filling
and remote risk of fish
poisoning
Permanent but minor loss of
coral and subsistence
habitat under the new
Vandf ill
Disturbance and modification of reef flat at
quarry site
Sedimentation and turbidity
on the reef flat next to
Aquatic ecosystem damage
Shoreline erosion and
instability
Turbidity sedimentation
and ecological damage at
quarry sites
Oust and air emissions
that may be excessive
° Ecological and water
quality disturbance
during construction
Possible lateral migration
of radionuclides causing
Air and dust emission controls, {f
necessary
plants
4
Replant vegetation quickly
Survey and flag or relocate impor!
archaeological sites
° Pick istands and access routes th
"avoid or minimizes dredging
Proper design of fill areas using
setbacks and protective berms
° Place armor rock and filter cloth
prior to landfilling
* Locate fill land to avoid valuable
habitat
° Monitor toxic algae and fish and
warn islanders
° Locate fill land where wide reefs
will protect it from wave action
and currents
© Use armor rock of sufficient size
filter cloth
Design and locate quarries to enh
fisheries
Air and dust emission controls if
needed
Replant vegetation quickly on new
land
possible contamination
and restricted use of
Bikini Island groundwater
loss of a part of sandy beach
° Impermeable liners if warranted t
block miqration of radionuclides
* reestablish sandy beach along sez
face of fill
9.A.3. Ocean
disposal of soil
Temporary impacts to
pelagic ecosystems (primarily fish and plankton
Disturbance or burial of
deep sea benthic ecasys tems
Temporary water quality
effects
Loss of control of material
Turbidity and sedimenta*
tion carried from disposal
site to coral reefs at Bikini
causing adverse effects to
reefs
Significant impact to
benthic ecosystems
Exposing food chain to
additional radioactivity
5000134
E-2b
3
Save or relocate important trees c
©
°
land.
Locate disposal site away from i
where currents will not carry
disposal plumes back to the re:
Locate disposal sites away from
productive benthic ecosystems
Bag, solidify or otherwise immo
soil prior to disposal