Ray: A principle of radiation safety is something that we call As Low As Practicable, not as low as possible, As Low As Practicable. And the thought there is that one may accept some exposure to radiation for some presumed or expected benefit and it is in order to help people make that judgment that we need to have these numbers. These numbers have to do with the future. Cowan: I understand the intent of the course for future planning but another theorem of radiation is accumulated whole body exposure. the amount accumulated over one's lifetime. That's I, I question the validity of predictions based on '78 forward, they don't take into account somehow the amount that has already been accumulated. Ray: Well, that is why I referred to the principle of... (I'm sorry go ahead and translate it.) Cowan: Ray: You didn't factor this into these predictions? Let Alice translate your question. Ray: We recognize that there have been exposures of people in the northern Marshalls. But the degree or the amount of exposure in the past does not affect the prediction of what the exposure will be in the future. independent of each other. Ray: They are | You have one Phillip? Muller: My first question, I was, I think that it has been announced or recognized that there are four atolls that have primary contamination and those are the ones listed, Enewetak, Bikini, Rongelap, and Utrik. study other islands if actually there are only four that have high contamination. Why bring in other atolls to this study? 26 So why