CHAPTER I, SECTION 1 A television broadcast station at Elmer, two magazines for storage of explosives on Rex, and other numerous miscellaneous items were approved for the main base in order that REDWING could be adequately supported. In addition to the engineering, design, and construction of all structures and facilities added to the Proving Ground, the Scope of Operations included the following tasks in connection with its management and operation: 1. and rodent control, and recreation. comprise the Pacific Proving Ground, were the and the Weather Station Islands. These Utility services, including salt and fresh water, electric power, sewage disposal, telephone, and certain radiophone and Warehousing and property accounting for all materials and equipment shipped for HEN or Task Group 7.1 use. 4. Stevedoring and cargo handling except on shore at Fred and David. 5. Photography for H&N, AEC and User 6. Radiological and industrial safety of HEN personnel. requirements. Interisland water transportation. 10. Land Transportation. Maintenance ofall fixed facilities. Roll-up of the Proving Ground after the Operation, including preservation of equipment and facilities. _ATOLL Bikini Atoll Eniwetok and Bikini Atolls, which together sites of the major construction projects. Both of these Atolls are typical of those found in Western Pacific Ocean areas. They consist of numerous small coral islands of little height above the sea, situated on a ring of coral reef 3. 9. grees-20’N latitude, 162 degrees-20’E longitude included subsistence, quarters, laundry, All campservices except at Fred, David, radio-teletype. . The Sphere of Operations, Chart 1-1, expanded to encompass the weather station and off-atoll scientific project requirements, presented a greater scope in area than any previous Operation. Eniwetok Atoll, the main base of operations, is located in the northerly region of the Marshall Islands at approximately 11 deandlies approximately 4,500 nautical miles from the continental United States. The other Atolls on which construction was accomplished were located and oriented from this main base as shown at bottom of page. mail, PX-stores, barber shops, refreshment bars, medical and dental, insect 2. SPHERE OF OPERATIONS. LATITUDE DEGREES surrounding a central lagoon. Both have passages of sufficient depth through the ring of coral reef to permit the passage of large ships to sheltered anchorage in the enclosed lagoon. They are situated in an area dominated by the Northeast Trade winds; the weather is typically tropical with an average humidity of 82% and a fairly uniform temperature averaging 84°F. The Atolls are subject to frequent rains and periodic squalls; there is no regularly defined rainy season. Rainfall averages between 50 and 60 inches a year. The off-atolls on which work was performed are similar in topography and climatology to those of Eniwetok and Bikini Atolls with the exception of the island of Kusaie, Caroline Islands, which is primarily composed of basalt and rises to heights above sea level of better than 2,000 feet. The water area of these atolls LONGITUDE, DEGREES APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATE NAUTICAL MILES FROM ENIWETOK DIRECTION FROM ENIWETOK 11-35'N 165 - 25’E 189 E Kapingamarangi 0 - 56’N 154 - 46’'E 780 SW Kusaie 5 - 20°N 163 - OV’E 390 S Tarawa 1-21’N 172 - 56°E 925 SE 11-30N 167 - 30 E 300 E Ujelang 9-46'N 161 - OVE 132 SW Wotho 10 - ON 166 - 01’E 235 E Utirik 11-14’N 169 - 52’, 440 E Majuro 7-10N 171 -20'E 605 SE Rongerik Page 1-6