1,
ion-chamber-type survey meter. A device for measuring the amount of ionizing radiation.
nsists of a
gas-fiiled chamber containing two electrodes (one of which may be the chamber wall) bdtween which a
potential difference is maintained. The radiation fonizes gas fin the chamber and an
fhstrument connected to one electrode measures the ionization current produced.
ionization. The process of adding electrons to, or knocking electrons from, atoms or molechles, thereby
creating ions. High temperatures, electrical discharges, and nuclear radiation can cafise ionization.
ionizing radiation. Any particulate or electromagnetic radiation capable of producing ions directly or
indirectly, in its passage through matter. Alpha and beta particles produce fon pairsfidirectly, while
gamma rays and X-rays liberate electrons as they traverse matter, which in turn produc@
jonization in
their paths.
ionosphere,
The region of the atmosphere, extending from roughly 40 ta 250 miles (64 to 40Q@ km) above the
Earth. in which there is agoprec‘ahiz icn-zation. The presence of charged particles in fEhis region
profoundiv affects tre prrveyation of radio and radar waves.
irradiation.
Exposure of matter to radiation,
isodose lines. Dose or dose-rate contours.
In fallout, contours plotted on a radiation fifld within
which the dose rate or the total accumulated dose is the same.
isotope.
Atoms with the same atomic number (same chemical element} but different atomic weight; i.e., the
nuclei have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
JCS.
Joint Chiefs of Staff.
JTF 7, Joint Task Force 7 and its predecessor, JTF 132, was a combined force of personnel off the Department of Defense (Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, Navy}, the AEC, and their contractonmp.
JTF 7 was
responsible for all aspects of nuclear weapon tests in the Pacific testing area from 1998 to 1958.
The last atmospheric nuclear test in the Pacific was conducted by JTF 8.
KB-29.
Aerial refueling version of the 8-29.
L-13.
Single-engine, 2-place light aircraft used in Enewetak airlift.
kinetic energy.
LASL.
Energy associated with the motion of matter.
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
LCM.
Landing craft, mechanized.
LCP{L).
Landing craft, personnel (large).
LCP{R}.
Landing craft, personnel (ramp).
LCT.
Landing craft, tank.
LCU.
Utility landing craft.
LML.
Lookout Mountain Laboratory, Hollywood, California (Air Force}.
Loran.
Long-range navigation system.
Enewetak Island.
LSD.
Station on
Landing ship, dock.
LSIL.
LST.
Qne Loran station was maintained by the U.S. Coast Guarg
Landing ship, infantry (large).
Landing ship, tank.
MATS.
Military Air Transport Service; later, Military Airlift Command (joint Air Force}.
megaton {energy). Approximately the amount of energy that would be released by the explosion of
mii}ion toms of TNT.
microcurie.
micron.
one
OQOne-millionth of a curite.
Qne-millionth of a meter (i.e., 10-5 meter or 10-4 centimeter);
thousandths {4 x 10-9) of an inch.
478
it is roughly four one #hundred-