Detonations on towers may be considered as low airbursts or ground bursts, depending upon the relative height of the detonation and itq yield. A larger burst will create more fallout than a smaller burst on an ual height tower not only because of the additional fission products and weapon debris, but also because it will pull up more Earth materials, or efen form a crater. In addition, the materials of the tower itself provide afsource of easily activated materials. The particles of the tower materialfmay also act as centers for the debris vapors to condense on to form th particles that lead to heavier early fallout. Devices that fission larger uranium or plutonium inefficiently will cause more of these radioactive co of the device residue to be dispersed. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Central to the test series was the experimental program. This and its requirements dictated the form of the test organization an detail of personnel participation. Like most of the preceding nuc series, CASTLE's experimental program incorporated two aspects, th@ important of which was the development of the weapons themselves; most fhe sec- ondary experiments involved the measurement of the explosive and radiation effects. These two aspects can serve as a rough measure of differentiatfion of interest between the major participants: the AEC interest in weapbn de- velopment, and the DOD interest in the military application of tha@ of the explosions. The several parts of the weapon development a effects the effects studies each had particular features that led to the possjbility of radiation exposure. Weapon Development In testing devices, weapon designers are interested in two cl&sses of measurements: the total energy release, or equivalent explosive the device, and the rate of release. field, of The total energy release meflsure- ments are called yield measurements, and the rate of release meashrements are called diagnostic measurements. 31