leve1.°

- trophic

Tuna

Euthynnus

and

mackerel

nuda

Gymnosarda

and

Jacks

crustacea.

benthonic

on

primarily

Grammatorcynus

the. fourth

in

are

snappers

Thunnus

albacares,

billineatus

are

(bonito),

affinis

feeding

is a bottom dweller

Another snapper Letherinus kallopterus (pigfish)

and

large,

rapid-swimming carnivores feeding on small fish and any other prey of proper
They represent species of the fifth trophic leve1.®

size.

SAMPLE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS
The

fish

samples

partially thawed.
fish

was

from

location

The total weight,

determined.

Each

(cranial and thoracic,

skin and

each

scales

fish

numerically

standard or fork length,
was

dissected

vertebrae and ribs,

(fins

were

discarded),

into

counted

and

and sex of each

muscle

tissue,

bone

and pelvic and pectoral girdle),

stomach

contents,

liver,

and

remaining

viscera that included large and small intestine with contents,

stomach wall,

spleen,

organ

kidney,

and

mesenteries.

Each

separate

species from the same catch was pooled.
but

not

analyzed.

Our

experience

be

little

possible

academic

dissected.
viscera

Adductor

that

Clams

were

muscles,

included

from

1978 showed

plus

gonad,

measured
siphon,

stomach,

because

(total

kidney,

intestine

from smaller clams such as the Tridacna crocea from specific
for

analysis.

individuals.

For

the

larger

species,

After the wet weight was determined,

sample was dried in ovens at

fish

gills

were

of

the

length),

and

and

remaining

and

contents,

crystalline style, heart, and nervous system were removed for analysis.

pooled

the

from the

the

their analysis

weighed,

mantle

gills,

to

of

The gills are not eaten and there could

information gained

contamination.

and

Gills were separated

prior

sometimes contaminated with sediment.

tissue

analysis

Parts

locations were
was

made

on

each fish and clam tissue

90°C to constant dry weight

and

dry ashed

in

muffle furnaces at 450°C for approximately 72 h.
Samples were transferred to aluminum containers,
gamma

spectrometry.

Gamma-spectrometry

sealed, and analyzed by

measurements

were

made

on

all

separated samples at LLNL using a variety of Ge (Li)-diode detector systems.
Counting times were usually 1000 min or longer for each sample.
A

general-purpose

reduction

long-lived

of

all

nuclear

computer

generated

explosion

program,

spectra.

products,

GAMANAL,

The

program

activation

was

used

searches

products,

for
a

and

the
library

data
of

naturally

Select target paragraph3