. te Le Me actiagenalEe ote Coast and Geodetic Survey, (b) contracts with consulting organizations such as Roland F. Beers, Inc., Alexandria, Va., Hazleton-Nuclear Science Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif., and Holmes & Narver, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., and (c) individual consultants. The total annual expenditure for the operational and research studies directed toward safety at the Nevada TestSite currently is over $8 million. In addition, there were and are numerous programscarried ‘on as part of the laboratories’ scientific effort that have a bearing on safety and contribute greatly to the basic understandings. One of the earliest and most valuable were those environmental studies conducted by the Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of California Medical School, Los Angeles, Calif. Also, in May 1963 a new Biology Division at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at Livermore, Calif., was formed with one of its prime missions to investigate problems dealing directly and indirectly with radioactive fallout, especially radioiodine. 43