464

RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL

Runit

To assure that cap sections were 18 inches thick, a gauge wasfabricated.
It had the appearance of a huge comb with teeth 18 inches long.
Projections on either end were placed atop the side forms before a section
was poured and moved from one end of the section to the other. This
movedthe teeth across the surface to be capped so that any depressions or
protrusions could be detected and corrected. After several sections had
been placed, it appeared that somecapsections were turning out to be over
20 inches thick, and considerably more concrete was being used than was
believed necessary. This appeared to be a result of the compaction of the

conclusic
represent
placemen
the adequ
intended.
in this m:

disturbed soil under the tons of heavy wet concrete pouredin each section

the FRST

which, in turn, would require more concrete to fill the form. To
compensate for this effect, the teeth on the gauge were cut to 16-1/2

inches.!28 However, despite these procedures and findings, subsequent

core sampling found that somesections varied, both thicker and thinner,

from the specified thickness. !29

ADDITIONAL DEBRIS CONTAINMENT
Failure to accomplish Runit debris cleanupearlier in the project began to
adversely impact capping operations in August 1979. The USAEhad been
conducting what they believed to be the final sweeps to removethelast of
the debris from the ocean reef of Runit near the Lacrosse Crater. Though
this debris had been examined several months previously and found to be
‘“‘vellow’’ (disposable by lagoon dumping), after it was removed from the
water and allowed to dry, FRST screening disclosed that some of the
debris was actually ‘‘red’’ (contaminated, requiring crater containment). It
was the consensus of the USAE and the JTG that this small quantity of
debris could be accommodated in the dome, despite the fact that capping
operations were proceeding rapidly. Depressions were to be made in the
surface of the moundto serve as dikes in which debris was to be placed and

surrounded with concrete.!30 Properly executed, this would comply with

the POD design. In some cases, however, debris was placed inside the cap

section forms in such a manneras to extend above the surrounding soil

level. Then, the concrete was placed in the cap section. Consequently,
several cap sections contain pieces of contaminated metallic debris
embedded in the concrete, with the result that less than 18 inches of
concrete cover the debris. Inasmuchas the debris was placed in the bottom
of the cap sections, it was concluded that spalling would be highly
improbable. Also, since the dome was designed to contain the material and
prevent erosion rather than act as a radiation shield, completely
surrounding and encapsulating the material in concrete appeared to be in
conformance with the intent and integrity of the structure. These

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