surveyed were Irene, Janet, Sally, Tilda, Ursula, and Yvonne. Exposure rate measurements showed that Yvonne had the highest reading of the islands visited. The survey report stated that the contaminated metal scrap on Janet probably constituted the major radiological hazard on that island. A tabulated summary of radiological conditions indicates that the highest exposure rates on Yvonne were in the order of 1 mR/h at 1 meter while the highest on Janet was one-tenth as high. Exposure rates on Irene were twice those on Janet, while on Sally the readings averaged 15 uR/h. Alpha contamination was observed only on Yvonnein the vicinity of the Fig/Quince GZ. (Costa and Lynch, 1971.) The original Air Force plan for the PACE programs called for high explosives detonations to be conducted on Janet and Yvonne. Resulting craters were to remain for undetermined future study. In response to requests by the Enewetak Marine Biological Laboratory of the University of Hawaii, the AEC, and EPA, islands other than Janet were considered for PACE test sites, as Janet was a potentially valuable land asset. Island Sally was finally selected instead of Janet, based partially on the results of the radiological reconnaissance. Program of September 1971, Based upon findings of the July 1971 reconnaissance survey, a comprehensive radiological program wasinitiated for PACE on 27 September 1971. AEC and EPA personnel assisted in the establishment of the program conducted by the Air Foree which included surface surveys and soil and water sampling of the islands of interest. Extensive radiological surveys were conducted on Irene, Sally, Tilda, Ursula, and Yvonne with the readings confirming those recorded in July 1971. An alpha contamination area on Yvonne was defined in detail and fencedoff. Two sites on Sally known to contain plutonium contamination were surveyed for leakage. No leakage was found but the areas were fenced off anyway.* (PACE, 1971.) Survey of May 1972. When it became apparent, early in 1972, that Ambassador Williams planned to commit the United States to relinquish control of Enewetak to the Trust Territory administration, NV recommended and AEC/HQ approved an extension of the Spring 1972 survey of Bikini to include Enewetak. In the Enewetak portion of the survey, an attempt was made to cover as many islands as possible, with 18 of the 43 islands actually visited, thus bringing to 21 the numberof islands for which recent data had been collected. The results of this survey showed the same pattern of atoll-wide contamination suggested by the 1971 survey, namely, that the northern islands contained significantly high levels of contamination while the southern islands had low levels of radiation. Data from the survey were used to guide the planning and execution of the much larger survey begun in October 1972. Survey of 1972-73. Extensive planning preceded the start of the Enewetak Atoll pre-cleanup radiological survey, authorized 7 September 1972, which had the following specifie objectives: 1. To locate and identify contaminated and activated debris. 2. To locate and evaluate any significant radiological hazards which could complicate 3. To identify sources of direct radiation and food chain-to-man paths having radiological implications. eleanup activities. The Nevada Operations Office distributed a planning directive on 4 October 1972 which outlined the purpose, objectives, and plan for the 1972 Enewetak Atoll Radiological Survey, established authorities, responsibilities, and procedures for its execution, and set definition, coordination, and authorization for funding. (NVO-12], 1972.) forth program policy, *In 1957, the Kickapoo and Yuma tower bases were each covered with a 3-inch layer of clean concrete and a bronze plaque attached which stated, "This three inch thick slab covers plutonium contaminated concrete debris." These two remains were erroneously identified as "crypts" by PACE personnel and the misnomerpersisted into the cleanupproject. 38