The detection of a particle as hot depends uxon the number of
silver grains exposed in the film, and the determining factor in such
a measurement is the total flux (radiation per unit area of observation

per unit tine).

This is a function of the activity concentration and

of the particle size, shape, i.9.,

Px = KA,(R)V (R)GCR)E

= constant of proportionality
An(R)a activity concentration which may vary with
size

V(R) = volune (4/313)

G(R) = geometry factor (inverse square law for
spherical particles and isotropic radia\

@

tion)

= correction factor used to express the

portion of the energy distribution of

beta particles to which the film is

sensitive
As the limit of detection is reached, the percentage of hot
particles detected will decrease from 100 to 0. This variation is to
be exrected since the experimental methods of detecting, the process of

radioactive decay, and tne exposure of developing centers of a film

are all statistical in nature. This effect will be sudden or gradual
(with variation in flux), depending on the statisticaly spread, which

may be quite large, It is then necessary to make a correction for the
detection efficiency (percentages of hot particles detected) in
the range where this effect is present.

Vecause of the delay before the processing of the semples under

consideration, the activity concentration may be low enough that this

effect will be observed.

At the time the autoradiographs were made,

the activity concentration was estimated to be about 0,15 pe/mg.

It

was found with artificial hot Sr?°clo particles that the point of 50

per cent detection efficiency was at about 10 microns for a specific
activity of 0.005 pe/mg.
Teo considerations make these figures comparae

ble. The fission products have a considerably higher mean energy than
Sr?9 and therefore proportionately less will be registered by this film.
The Sr7Oc1a erystals wera very flat and would have a much smaller
geometry correction than spherical particles. The flux will then increase much faster with particle size, so that a smaller particle will
be detected as hot. The fallout particles in the range under considera-

tion are essentially spherical.
Therefore, the effect under consideration may result in a variation in detection efficiency from 1C9 per cent

as the particle size decreases, which would have to be corrected for.

39
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