Data from IVY gummed paper duplicate samples were compared to a selection of pairs from UPSHOT-KNOTIDLE. Data for each operation were also divided according to area; that is, duplicates for North America were compared to duplicates outside of North America for _ the IVY tests while the UPSHOT-KNOTHDLE data (which was available Duplicate samples were used in this _study only if each paper had at least 100 d/m on counting day. ot be The question to be answered, "Is the nature of the fallout such that the differences between duplicate gummed papers varies from one part of the world to another » OF from one test series to another?" . The difference between adjacent gumed papers is described, in this study, by a "“variabllity characteristic"” end the differences *the “variability characteristic" issimply the arithmetic mean of the individual Chi-squarad values (“y2) for each comparison group, i.e., X? was computed for, each pair of gummed papers and then averaged with the other y* of its particular group, e.g., UPSHOT- | - KMOTHOLE, east of the Mississippi River. . d2 ed! an M = Iho hae for North America only) was divided according to location west or east of the Mississippi River. where M = mean of two simultaneous papers qe departure of first paper ‘of pair from M . do= departure of second paper “ of pair from M . (Therefore, +d, ™ -d,) - thus, ° 4 ab L N ist (x*), t where N= tote) number of pairs in the "j-th" group (x®), = value of Chi-square for the i-th pair of the j-th group The values of x? are different from group to group and the signi- ficance of their difference is examined by use of the standard - t-test for significance, of Gifference of means. - 43 -