would tend to support the impression that their life span is shorter than that of people in the continental U.S., but there has been a “population explosion” in these islands which might account for this discrepancy. Of the 348 Rongelap people, 308 were examined during the survey at Rongclap, Kwajalein, and Majuro Atolls. Examined were 89 in the exposed group, 37 children of exposed people, and 191 control adults and children. Congenital Anomalies No congenital anomalies were reported in children born of cither exposed or unexposed parents during the past year, Specific genetic studics have not been included on this relatively small population. Routine examination of babics born to exposed womensince the accident has not revealed any increased incidence of anomalics as compared with children born of unexposed parents, In 1960, one of the babies born of an unexposed mother (No. 75) had a congenital heart defect. The baby died at 4 months of age. Unfortunately, an autopsy INTERVAL MEDICAL HISTORY Mortality One death occurred in a 78-yr-old exposed woman on March5, 1962, the day before the arrivul of the survey team. This death will be described below. The 5 deaths that have occurred in the 8-yr period since exposure represent a rate of 7.65 per 1000 population, which is not very different from the rate for the Marshall Islands as a whole (8.3 per 1000 for 1960). Comparison with the unexposed population of Rongelap is complicated by variations in the size of this population, which has generally increased from year to year since the people were first included in the study in 1957, However, the death rate in this group, which has fewer older people, appears to be only slightly less than that in the exposed Rongclap group. Births The birth rate for the past year was again cal- culated, as in the preceding survey, from the number of births per woman of childbearing age (16 to 45 yr). There were 22 such women in the exposed group and 32 in the unexposed group. (Not included in cither group were 4 uncxposed women whose spouses were exposed males.) In the exposed group 4 babies were born, giving an average of 0.182 births per woman, in the unex- posed group 4 babies were born, giving a slightly lower birth rate per woman (0.125). The births were all full-term normal deliveries. was not possible and the diagnosis was not confirmed. Most of the anomalies reported had occurred in children of unexposed parents, they include a low incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, congenital deformity of the hip, and congenital hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the Sth finger. Miscarriages and Stillbirths During the past year no miscarriages or stillbirths were reported in exposed’ or unexposed women. During the past several years the incidence of miscarriages appears to be no greater in the exposed than in the unexposed women, and the previously reported suggestive increase in incidence in the exposed women is no longer appuarent, Unfortunately in most instances it hus not been possible to have a physician examine the products of miscarriage. Death of an Exposed Woman On March 5S, 1962, a 78-yr-old exposed woman dicd. During the past few years she had become very feeble and was bedridden and incontinent with senile deterioration, She was kept in a pennedin portion of her room. The major findings on previous ¢xaminations had been acute kyphoscolio- sis (she was so badly stooped that she could not stand upright), bilateral cataracts, hypertension. arteriosclerotic heart disease, osteoarthritis, and senility. Several weeks before her death she developed an upper respiratory infection with nausca and vorniting. She became delirious and excited at times and attempted to pull herself upright. Four days before her death she became comatose and went rapidly downhill. Fortunately an autopsy was