thes ens in dending with earentinlly a “pare”
lenbugrv-al sittentine.
The extent and potential serisumem of failowt was clearty mdicated in effirial releases of
the Atomic Energy Commineon (1-4). From
thea statements, the bomb's cloud could drop
radieartive anhes in a ciger-shaped anne about
tebe far men should be used enly a 0 rough
guede m «meant y est unetion.
eareuntered im the fall out area, the following
Kquren far tata! deur for the Grst 18 hour porved,
are queted fre chairman Mtraem’ release (1).
Ten miles duwnwiest trem the large devire fred
at the Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1964, withen the
test site, 9 total dose ef 5,100 roentgens was de-
230 miles long and 30 to 1) miles wide. There
could be sufficient radioactivity in a downwind
livered over a period of 36 hours. The largest
total dose delivered owtside the test site was
width ap to 20 miles to sericesly threaten the
lives of nearly al) persons remaining in the area
for 36 hours and who did not take protective
measures, The sones thus outlined for potential
morbidity and lethality depend obviously on
weapon size, wind and other weather condition,
ete. Stranes(!) emphasized that possible cas-
emi of Rongelap Atoll about 100 miles from
Bikini. Two other areas in Rongelap 110 and
belt about 14) miles in length and of varying
nalty figures given are for the :rorst poasihle situation. Casualties might be reduced greatly in
number because many in the area would take
shelter or evacuate the area. .(lso, the pattern
of faliout might be spotty in nature, and thus,
many would escape exposure. Nevertheless, the
area where potentially serious casualties may
result may exceed by orders of magnitude the
relatively smal! areas for conventional weapons.
6.33
The Effects of Gamma Radiation From
Fallout
The ganima radiations are penetrating and,
2,500 r for the same period at the nerth- west
115 miles from Bikini rereived 2,000 and 150 r
respectively. Another area, 125 miles from
Bikini received 1,000 r over the 38 bor period.
Effects that may be experted for given dons
of penetrating radiation given over a few misutes o¢ hours are indicated in Table 6.1 (7). It
is emphasized that such tables are derived
chiefly from animal data and thes, should
be taken as approximations only. These
values vary considerably from the Rritish
estimates (%).
Table 6.1.—Efects of Acuse Tomi Bady Irradietiom on Humen Beings
5Or; No casuskios.
No reduction in
|
effectiveness.
108 r | Two pereent may he casualtice
(nausea and/or vomiting) for
as seen in the Marshallese, produce the same
type of injury produced by the initial radiation
abort penod of time. No evacuatten contemplated No ngnifcant reduction m effectiveness.
Twenty-five percent casualties in
afew hours
birmt definite reduetion in effeetivenem. Fifty
percent of the caswitios m thu
group will have to be evacamed.,
AH mum be evacusied as =0n as
posuble. Fifty percent will he
from the conventional weapon. In the one case
radiation isn delivered from a distant source; in
the other from essentially a plane field. In
both situations, penetrating radiation of the
entire body results. Qualitatively, the results
are identical, Quantitatively (e. g., dose-effect
relationships), there may be differences due to
tncompletety known and understood differences
inthe energy of radiation and in dose rate, and
inthe geometry of exposure (see sec. 6.42). For
these reasons, and for additional reasons to be
advanced later, instrument readings of roentgen
dowe measured in air and published dose-effect
a
ee
eR I ec ee
dint.
noneffeetive.
450 r
Over 650 r
Approximately 20 percet.t deadhe
AU need evaeustwe immrdiately. All are noneffectives.
Fifty percent deethe.
Lethal doer, but not necrmarniy
for a an etpoeed
of
parent that mant of this fallewt area is boyend
the range ef destractien by blest or heat, sad