7 SESSION | of fallout is worse for humanity as a whole. Obvicusly, it's nota simple question even to phrase, let alore to answer, But there are some things that could be done to change the character of the atratepic forces that we have, and that might be sensible things to do if we knew more about what these long-range effects might be. Parenthetically, [want to point out that in some cases a threat of retaliation against a country for a surprise attack or an accidental start of war is likely to be something which, if carried out, would do severe damage to countries that border on the country attacked, If we do as I believe is now planned, such side effects probably could be avoided. [ think they should at least be understood as well aa possible, Il want to emphasize this because DASA's interest at that time—and [think this continues—is to some extent connected with what might actually be done that is not now being done. Such action might flow out of a rationale that cornes out of these mectings, IT left the Pentagon in September, 19606, and went to Vienna, easentially on my own, because of very strong compulsions to at least try to understand what was going on in an attempt to control nuclear energy on an international scale, It seemed ta me that the best thing to do was to go and find out what was being done by the agency that at least nominally had the job to do this. So I've been there for about a year, criginally as a consultant to the AEC ona day-to-day basis, and for the last six months aa a member of a company that has one full-time technical emplo,ee. Iam working essentially entirely on what peop.e call safeguards, that is, the formal attempt to try to establish some kind cf control over plutonium or U235 to prevent it from getting in the hands of people who might use it for purposes other than those for which :t was originally intended, Some of what has developed in Vienna in the last var, at .east that I've been exposed to, has some bearing on what [think is happening here, inthe sense that the likelihood of nuclear explosions being detonated for destructive purposes I think is increasing with time, not decreasing. There is at least cne reason for this, and that is that the material cut of which these things can be made is being dispersed all over the sorld in a way whichia not at the moment under sufficient contralto prevent any determined effort to use this material for making nuclear explosives. The thing I've been concerned about most is not the proliferation, in the usual sense, of military stockpiles of weapons, but the use of