SESSION VI WARREN: 319 This is Hawaii. This led to tremendous discussions in the first Civil Defense program we had about the »hole mater of the declaration of martial law at zero hour and what was involved and the struggle by the states, the legislatures and others ir. the public group to avoid martial law, Yet it is inescapable that there has .o be some kind of am organized control that will assure that the mayor's functions, the supervisor's functions and the governor's functions will continue. One of the primary needa ix the police power required to handle the distribution of the focd and all the public functions that our society needs in ita regulation, This argumen- held back the acceptance of civil defense for several years finally, and [ don't think that the mat- ter has completely been lost sight of. It's a covert factor even now because the contro! of a military type has got to be dominant in the tirst period anyway when chaos and hysteria have to be reduced to bring about orderly revction to th.s problem. This comes right down to our behavior again. What will the criminal eleraent, or the groups that go on their own and do what they please, do about their own activities? HEMLER: Asa result of the conflict you are talking about. the feelings that occurred after the Pearl Harbor situation, the government did a great deal of studying and came up with some de'iritive conditions whereby martial law can he declared by a commoeader down to the local level, These are pretty clear cut now. There are sevcral conditions, and I can't cite them oifhand, One that ldo recall ia that if communication is not possible, then he does have the authoritv— and this has been teated out in the Supreme Court, as a matter of fact~to declare martial law. It has been clearly defined now, or much more clearly defined than .t wae at that time or later on during the Detroit riots, during World War Ul, and several other incidents that have occurred siv-e then, TAYLOR: Does anybody know if there has been any indic-tion of more difficulty in the population doing what they are told by the authorities in, let's say, Britain or London during the blitz compared, say, to Hamburg; one a city ina dictatorship presumably mere used to iron authority, the other a city in a democracy. not so used to iron authority? Are there any others in which the reaction of the popula® tion to the authority is any different, any cultusal or political inertia that carries through tc the point where the disaster actually taken place? ee eres oer pr cermin tt SOME item Wik eth sl 4 A ain a