10 DASA 2019-2 CONARD: Well, in this small population we were not able to observe any casualties other than those produced by the radiation effects. There was nothing that I would classify as psychological casualty. As far as their relationship with the other Marshallese people and this sort of thing is concerned, we were not able to observe anything unusual. MILLER: wint waa that the casualties may not be limited to the Marsha. UPTON: The.-. has been a thyroidectomy, hasn't there? CONARD: Eleven people have been operated on; 11 surgical cases. FREMONT-SMITH: Do they count as casualties? CONARD: I just don't know what definition to give. UPTON: How did they react to their experience? Would you say this has been a source of distress? Has it been disconcerting? -CONARD: Several have come up to me in the last survey and said, "Can't you find a nodule so that I go to the United States and get oper- ated on?" [Laughter] , FREMCNT-SMITH: The mass casualties are all those who haven't been able to go to the United States! MILLER: As I said before, my point is that the casualties may not have keen limited to the area of fallout. They may have occurredin Japan, affected indirectly by the fallout, by economic troubles, by _ suicide, by other psychological disturbances, and by the uproar in general. That waa my point—that there really may have been many more casualties than one can count in the area of the Marshall Islands. FREMONT -SMITH: And the whole of Europe was disturbed and had a different reaction toward the U.S., and that's a major casualty. ROOT: Yes. That's a grievous psychosocial effect. WARREN: There's another generally insidious casualty which affects all levels of government. To mayors, supervisors, governors, and on up, Civil Defense has fallen flat on its face on the basis that it’s impossible to meet the situation which we don’t think is going to happen