insure their radioiogical safety. I was asked to head up the monitoring program (B-37). I went to Kili Island in 1969 and explained to the people that Bikini Island was considered safe and that our medical team would monitor them to insure their radiological! safety. Urine samples then were collected for baseline studies. The cleanup of Bikini Island began in 1969 with bulldozing of scrub growth and other measures to reduce radiation, as recommended by the Ad hoc Committee. Thirty workers, camped on Eneu, began to construct the first 40 cement houses, provided with water cisterns and privies. Later planscalled for 40 more houses, acouncil house, a church, and a dispensary. Unfortunately, the recommendation of the Ad Hoc Committee to begin habitation on Eneu Island, where radiation levels were much lower, ’ was not followed. New plantings of coconut and pandanustrees began on Bikini and later on Eneu. In 1971, several families moved back to Bikini, and by 1978 there were 145 people living on the island. The Trust Territory Government furnished all their food, including powdered milk. We monitored the people annually, using the sensitive whole-body counting technique and radiochemical urine analyses, as used on the Rongelap and Utirik people; radiological surveys of the environment continued. Althoughmedical examinationswere notconducted on ourvisits (excepton’‘one. occasion referred to below),the medicalteam was available for “sick call*.. Ne ey ays In April 1974, it wasplanned’ta#eedtin more people to live in the 40 houses which had been built on Bikini. However, the people had become concerned aboutthe radiological safety at Bikini and declined to return. This refusal was believed to be partly based on their unhappi- ness about not having received a $3,000,000 U.S. compensation paymentin their suit against the United States (B-41,42). They felt they deserved this payment,since the Enewetak people had received an ex gratia payment of over $1,000,000. As it turned out, their refusal to return proved to be to their advantage in view of subsequent events. As part of the second phase of rehabilitation at Bikini, it was planned to build more houses in the interior of the island. In preparation, anotherradiological survey was conducted to obtain more precise radiation measurementain the interior of the island (A-50,51). The survey 34 CArhneae showed that the levels of radiation in the interior of the island were higher than had been reported in the 1967 survey, and that further housing would haveto be built at nearby Eneu Island. Furthermore, the well water was found to be contaminated and consumption of pandanus and breadfruit grown on the island had to be restricted. Therefore, plans for the immediate return of the people to Bikini were can- celled. In August, a meeting was held with the peopie at Kili to discuss the prospects for further resettlement of Bikini (B-38). Among those pre- sent were Roger Ray, DOE representative: Oscar DeBrum,District Administration of the Marshail Islands; and George Allen from the Micronesian Legal Services, Inc. The people expressed disappointmentat not being able to return to Bikini. Some older people wanted to return regardless of-radiation exposure, while a younger group was more vociferousin their complaints. As an aftermath of the meeting, Allen instituted a suit for the Bikini people against the United States, demandingfurther evidence that Bikini was safe for habitation. Those families that returned to Bikini received a complete food subsidy from the Trust Terntory Government. Before locally grown fruits (coconuts, pandanus, breadfruit)became available, radiglogical.monitoring showed that theievela of absorbedradioactive materials were in the acceptablerange.Whenthesefruits became available several years later, the levels of radioactive cesiumand strontium had increased and the people weretold not to eat them. Examinations in April 1978 showed a sharp rise in body burdensof these radioactive elements due to consumption of these fruits (A-15, 54). Since continued habitation on the island could resuit in unacceptable levels of these radioactive elements in the people, they were evacuated from Bikini in August of that year (B-76). Most of the group moved to Majure andreceived follow-up examinations bythe medical team. Manyof the Bikinians expressed further dissatisfaction with life on Kili and requestedthat a home be found for them elisewhere, such as Hawaii or Florida. During the examinations at Bikiniin April, at the request of the Bikinians, we conducted a medical survey of the people on the islands. Our examinations showed no indications of radiation exposure. Greenhouseet al. (A-51) calculated the dose equivalent from both internal and external