atrophic, others large wlth hyperplasta or cystie changes were characterized an aborrheal appearance. goiter, (adenomatoid in some cases by Formation, The hyperplastic L[nfolding, of the epithet bum piv ing These changes resemble those seen in iodine deficiency goiter). The one case of cancer of the thyroid occurred in a 42 year old woman and was of the mixed papillary and follicular type, *~ Ahypothyroid etiology for vrowth retardation noted in children in the exposed group is strongly suggested by the recent findings of definite hypothyroidism in two of the most retarded boys who had atrophic glands but no nodules. Their protein bound iodine levels have dropped below 2 ugh. Two other children with thyroid nodules showed low values also, - During the past 6 months these people have been under treatment with thyroid hormone and though the analysis of the vrowth data in the children is incomplete, it appears that the two boys showing most growth retardation have had a spurt in growth during the past 6 months on this therapy. It is too soon yet to evaluate the beneficial effects of this therapy in reducing the incidence of nodyles of the thyroid gland, The radiation etiology of these thyroid lesions appears to be reasonably certain in view of the following facts. (Ll) The thyroid glands received a substantial dose of radiation from radioiodines and external gamma radiation, (2) Only a few older people in the unexposed or low exposure groups have shown any nodules of the thyroid gland. (3) The diet is not lacking in iodine and there are no known goitrogenic foods. (4) Furthermore, the correlation of radiation exposure with later devclopment of thyroid abnormalities has been well documented in animal and clinical studies, The development of thyroid tumors in children whose thymic regions or neck were exposed during infancy is now well substantiated. Adenomatous lesions of the thyroid in children have also been reported 5 to 1l years after treatment with i3l for thyrotoxicosis. (V6* ) NReetes en Though the dose range in the Marshallese is similar to those