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but rather that the scatter coefficient is a complicated function
of the ratio of the particle diameter to the wave length of the
radiation, As a matter of fact the scattering area coefficient,
Kg, versus & curve shows at least two maxima and two minima and
according to Houghton probably such maxima and minima continue to
oscillate about the value of Kg = 2 with decreasing amplitudes.
However, such va: ations of ransmission with wave length will

be evident only for small dand for monodisperse aerosols, In
natural aerosols such as fog and clouds, « is so large and the
drop size distribution is so broad that no variation of trans-

mission with A is expected to be -vident.

verified by the frst that the s.

viewed through fog or thin cloua:.

This conclusion is

s disk appears white when

Stratton (6) was able to

produce artificial fog in the laboratory using steam and natural
nucleating agents found in the air, This fog was composed of

water droplets which were considerably smaller than in natural
fog.

Stratton found a definite variation of transmission with

“s

wave length.

At o& # 11,2 and using A * 0.49 micron there was a

maximum transmission, Hence the radius of the fog particles
was calculated to be 0.875. This is a remarkable confirmation
of Mie's theory of scatter and an experimental verification of
the first minimum in the Kg versus & curve, Since Equation &
applies only to a civen wave length, to obtain the correct value
for solar radiation the value of I should be integrated over the
range of wave lengths in sunlight. In order to simplify the
computational problem, it will be assumed that solar wave length

is equal to 0.57 micron, And because it is known that the atomic
cloud is not a monodisperse aerosol, probably the Jobst asymptotic
curve of Ks versus«would produce more realistic results than
the complex Kg versuscurves. If the particle size distribution

in the atomic cloud were known with some accuracy, it may be

worthwhile to determine I by the summation process indicated in

Equation 8 and then to integrate I over the range of q values.
-As it is, there is no merit in such a procedure until the particle

size distribution in the atomic cloud is better known, It will
be assumed that m # 1.55, and it will also be assumed that the
particles are transparent since the absorbtivity of the dust
particles is not known, Under these assumptions Kg may have a
maximum walue of approximately 4 when ¢ has a value between 3

and 4, and it will be assumed that Kg reduces asymptotically from
its maximum value to a value of 2 at« = 50,
Ce

alculations of
Layer Aloft

the Reduction of Insolation due to the Dust

It will be assumed that the numerical median particle

.

distribution in the atomic cloud 1s approxinately 0.6 microns in
diameter for large yield atomic bombs or thermonuclear weapons
(10 megatons) exploded on the surface or underground. However,
since the particle size distribution of the atomic bomb cloud is

admittedly not known with any high degree of accuracy, calculations

9008832
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C2~38529

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