Effects Experiments All the CASTLE shots tested new weapon developments. Priorities of time and space and go or no-go considerations favored the weapon development experiments over the effects experiments. Although the effects ex- periments were clearly secondary, they directly involved a relatively large number of DOD organizations and individuals and are therefore of prime importance for this report. [In fact, the total support requirements for the effects experiments were 60 percent of the total support requirement (Reference 4, p. 57). The effects experiments were intended to acquire urgently needed military data that could not be obtained from the smaller yield tests at the Nevada Proving Ground (NPG), now called the Nevada Test Site experiments may be classed into two general kinds. (NTS). These The first class of measurements was made to document the hostile environment created by the nuclear detonation. The second class of effects experiments documented the response of systems to the hostile environment; these measurements are termed systems response experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS. The purpose of environmental measurements was to gain a comprehensive view of the hostile environment created by a nuclear detonation to allow military planners to design survivable military hardware and systems and train personnel to survive. environmental measurements include static wind) (crushing) Examples of and dynamic (blast air pressures in the blast wave, heat generated by the detonation, and fallout radiation. The measurement techniques employed for CASTLE varied with the effect being measured, but usually measuring devices or gauges were placed at a variety of ranges from ground zero and their measurement recorded in some way. techniques was used. A wide variety of gauges and data recording In some cases, meaSurements were similar to those being made by the weapon designers, but at greater distances or longer after the detonation, which simplified the recording of the data, although the recovery problems were by no means trivial. 35