39 age 54) died of a genitourinary infection complicating diabetes even thoughshe (along with the other cases) had been placed on oral therapy with Orinase (tolbutamid tablets). (It was later found that these patients did not take the tablets consistently.) Table 26 compares the mortality from diabetes in the United States?’ and the Marshall Islands. The incidence appears higher in the Marshall Islands and on Rongelap Island (based onits small population). It should be noted that, since only routine urine examinations were doneon the Rongelap people, the incidence of diabetes may actually be higher. The greater incidence of deaths due to diabetes in the Marshall Isiands than in the for all age groups,.a relatively low figure compared with that for Japanese and American societies. Thyroid Metabolism Table 24 shows results of protein boundiodine, total iodine, and butanol extractable iodine deter- minations. The 12 samples obtained in 1959 showed values definitely lower than the 1958 values, although several readings werestill somewhat high. It was thought that the high 1958 levels must have been due to contaminated glassware in spite of the great care taken to maintain strict cleanliness. Glucosuria United States in 1956 and 1957?’ is statistically Onroutine urine analysis during the 1959 survey one male and four females(all in the unexposed group) were found to have glucosuria; all significant (0.01 >p>0.001). sugar level* (see Table 25). “hese individuals were considered to have mild diabetes mellitus. 1959 again showed, as in 1958, vitamin B,, levels Serum Vitamin B ,, Analysis of the 15 serum samples obtained in but one ofthese also had an elevated fasting blood slightly higher than normal. The mean value was - Later during the year one of these cases (854,F, 714 pyg/ml, with a range of 312 to 1500. A scatter- gram oflevels for both years was plotted against white blood count, since it has been shown that in *We are grateful to Dr. W.W. Fennei at Kwajalein for having leukemia the white cells have a higher B,. binding the blood sugar analvzed. Table 23 Results of Complement Fixation Tests on Rongelap Peopie, 195%. by Age and Sex (Positive Reactions of Serum Dilutions 1-10) Age, vr No.in age FluA group No. Long HA 1 HA 2 CA (Respiratory (Parainfluenza3) (Parainfluenza!) (Parainfluenza2) syncitial, CCA) FluB % No. % No. % No. To No. Adeno LGV (Psittacosis OF Mumps group) (Q fever) %o No. % No. &% No. % No “% No % 1 1 4 5 6 14 6 35 58 30 14 16 10 82 67 50 2 6 12 25 1! 3 I 6 13 5 2 2 1 12 8 5 2 3 26 43 40 66 8 13 #5 8 5 8 11 ll 9 100 10 6 33 29 29 1 2 1 4 6 5 92 52 53 3 5 4 29 1 1 3 8 5 18 1 8 3 6 15 29 32 63 8 16 5 10 1 2 4 41 37 72 6416 14 #10 9 6 5 Females 1- 5 6-15 16-40 >40 0 17 24 20 4 4 #17 20 9 7 38 35 8 19 16 47 79 80 Total 61 8 13 16 26 43 70 0 Males 1- 5 1 6-15 16-40 >40 12 21 17 1 4 6 Total 51 11 8 19 35 2 8 12 I 38 71 11 18 14 92 86 82 22 22 43 43 84 0 Females Plus Males Total 112 19 17 38 34 86 77 0 5