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They will be discussed in turn. shown in eqn (Al): input data to interpret are the original volumesof urine collected from Rongelap community members in 1954. in calculating '*'I intakes from bioassay of 24-h urine volume (V) and the urinary excretion fraction The basic calculation to estimate the average intake of '*'I among the Rongelap community members from whom a 24-h urine sample was collected is Q(t = AXAXY (Al) EF(t) X €¢” where Q =acute intake of '*'l intake (Bq, group aver- age); CR =background adjusted count rate of '*'I per mL of urine (c s ' mL’); K =correction factor corresponding to the ra- dioactive decay of ''I between time of sampling and time of counting, V =24-h urine volume (mL) averaged over sampled population; EF(t) = urinary excretion fraction for '*'I on day of sampling, ¢ being the time elapsed between intake and sampling; and Ec = gammadetector counting efficiency (count per decay). Urine volumes. The most difficult of the historical Those data have been described by Harris (1954) and Harris et al. (2010) though here we present a more detailed discussion. Volumes of urine collected in 10 different samplings (8 from Marshallese, 2 from Amer- ican military weather observers) are summarized in Table 1 in Harris et al. (2010). Note that all these samplings were only from adults. The mean values of 24-h urine volumes within the first three weeks after exposure were 427 mL (n = 35), 448 mL (n = 31), and 385 mL (n = 15). In the fourth week, the mean values for Marshallese were 596 mL (n = 40), 523 mL (n = 43), 756 mL (n = 12), and 603 mL (n = 15). One and a half-months after exposure, the mean value wasstill only 573 mL (n = 21). Over many years, there has been discussion on whether the volumes of urine that were collected actually represented the total amounts excreted during 24 h, as the mean values of