Acute and chromic mtakesof fallout radionuclides @ SL Simow er av 5-16 y and 48% from ages <5 y (Harmset al 2010) Lessard et al (1985) made the first detailed and meth- odologically traceable estimates of internal and external doses to the Rongelap and Ailinginae groups usmg the excretion data of Harris (1954) and other mformation, im particular, life style mformation on the Marshallese summarized by Sharp and Chapman (1957) Other mvestigators, primarily from the medical and health research community, later cited the estimates of Lessard et al (1985), as that analysis was the most thorough at that time and the best documented All of the aforementioned dose assessment reports mistakenly assumed that the LASL pooled urme samples mcluded urme from children (Harris et al 2010) In 2004, the National Cancer Institute (NCD esti- mated for the first trme external and mternal doses to residents ofall atolls from all nuclear tests conducted in the Marshall Islands (DCEG 2004) However, m that analysis, many simplifymg assumptions were made and the dose estrmates were conservative so as not to underestimate the cancer risks This publication and its companion papers (Ibralum et al 2010, Beck et al 2010, Bouville et al 2010, Moroz et al 2010, Harms et al 2010, Land et al 2010) provide a comprehensive description of an rmproved analysis and provide complete descriptions of methodologies used, as well as the fmdigs Srmon et al (2010) summarizes the mam findings of all these papers and also provides tables of relevant data ontests, radionuchdes, etc , used mall the papers METHODS The methodsdescribed 1m this section are those used to estrmate (1) the acute mtakesthat took place during the period of tme when fallout was bemg deposited at 189 Enewetak to Ujelang before the testmg period, they are considered here to be permanentresidents of Ujelang As mdicated m Beck et al (2010), it 1s estimated that 20 nuclear tests deposited fallout of any consequence m the Marshall Islands Yoke m 1948, Dog and Item m 1951, Mike and King in 1952, Bravo, Romeo, Koon, Umion, Yankee, and Nectar m 1954, Zum, Flathead, and Tewa m 1956, Cactus, Fir, Koa, Maple, Redwood, and Cedar in 1958 Acute mtakes and corresponding doses have been estimated for each of the 20 tests, the characteristics of which are presented in Srmon et al (2010, Table 1) For the determinationof the mternal doses from chromic mtakes among atoll population groups that were not evacuated, the cumulative deposition from all tests m each year was used for the mtake calculation Sixty-three radionuchdes listed m Simon et al (2010, Table 4) have been considered im the estimation of acute mtakes and their correspondmg doses This group of radionuclides was chosen based on screening est- mates, usmg conservative mgestion dose factors, to collectively have contributed at least 98% of the dose to the organs of concern These screening calculations were based on the relative deposition factors published by Hicks (1981, 1984) Five long-lived radionuchdes (Fe, Co, “Zn, “Sr, and 47Cs), which were detected m whole-body and bioassay measurements conducted sev- eral years after the Bravo test m 1954, were considered for the estimation of chromic mtakes and corresponding doses In addition, acute and chrome mtakes of 7°*+°Pu were crudely estrmated based on retrospective measurements of cumulative Pu m soil samples The depositions of “Pu and “Pu for specific tests, relative to '’Cs or any other radionuchde, were not reported by Hicks (1984) as that information1s still classified Intakes ofall to the consumption oflocal aquatic andterrestrial foodstuffs mternally contammated with long-hved radionuchdes, (3) the annual and lifetime organ doses per umtt above radionuclides were estimated for typical (representative) children subdivided mto 5 age groups (<1 y, 1-2 y, 3-7 y, 8-12 y, 13-17 y), as well as for representative adults The estimated radionuchde mtakes were used as the basis for estrmating organ doses per umt chronic mtake Twenty-six population groups are considered 1m this work,they includethe permanent residentsofeach of the Acute intakes The methods used m this study for estimatmg acute intakesoffallout radionuchdes were based on the following eachatoll or soon afterwards, (2) the chromc mtakes due acute intake, and (4) the annual and lifetime organ doses 20 atolls and reef islands (Ailmglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Ebon, Jaluit, Kwayalem, Lae, Lab Island, Likiep, Mauro, Maloelap, Meyit Island, Mi, Namonk, Namu, Ujae, Ujelang, Wotho, and Wotje) that were mhabited during the 1948-1962testing period as well as six of the seven communities or groups that were evacuated or not resident on ther home atoll during at least part of the tesung period [Ailmgmae, Bikim, Rongelap (two groups), Rongenk, and Utrk] The seventh population group consists of the people who were evacuated from four steps (1) estrmation of the mtake of ‘I by adults on Rongelap, Ailmginae, and Rongerk following the Bravo test usmg Iustorical bioassay data, (2) estimation of the intakes of 62 other radionuchdes considered m addition to ‘IT (Simon et al 2010, Table 4) by adults on Rongelap, Ailmgmae, and Rongerik followmg the Bravo test, (3) estrmation of the takes of the 63 radionuchdes by adults on all mhabited atolls followmgall of the 20 tests that were considered (Simonet al 2010, Table 1), and (4) estrmation of the mtakes by children, relative to the intakes by adults