4 develop leukemia in the pre-antibiotic days. With the use of antibiotics, these children did not die of infection but lived long enough to die of leukemia. Her belief is that the children would have died either way, but by preventing death by infection more children lived longer to die of leukemia. +6) No one at the Biology Symposium commented for the official minutes about the mortality rates and ''small baby syndrome" of the Sternglass report. Later several comments were made privately that they did not believe or trust the Sternglass paper. While listening to Dr. Sternglass' paper, I was impressed by two facts: (a) if one accepted his data as correct, and also assumed a single cause for the changes in mortality rates and birth rate, then Dr. Sternglass had an "airtight" case against fallout radiation; and (b) the fallout patterns as used by Dr. Sternglass did not match the fallout trajectories I knew occurred from Nevada testing and the predominant Continental United States wind patterns. Dr. Sternglass said his "fallout deposition quantities" were based upon data of ?°Sr in milk as reported by the PHS and other milk networks. I do not believe the United States was adequately covered with milk networks in 1945-1960 to give any indication of fallout in all the states. I was not familiar with the fallout pattern of the TRINITY shot (1945), so I asked Mrs. Douglas to get what information she could on the shot. Information was obtained from NVOO, Sandia, Los Alamos and "'Reach to the Unknown -- The Trinity Story" (LASL publication, 1965) (7). The 19-Kt TRINITY shot was on a day with “rain, an overcast sky, and light and variable winds, and the lack of any fallout problem."' (LASL, 1965). Dr. Payne Harris (July 16, 1969) (8) recalled the day as having "local winds generally from the southwest and that close in fallout was toward the northeast."’ Dr. Tom Shipman (July 16, 1969}°(9) said that fallout data such as Dr. Sternglass needed for his predictions did not exist. Based on the above, and known patterns and distribution from comparable sized atmospheric shots, it would be practically impossible for fallout, of the magnitude Dr. Sternglass used in his calculations, to extend over Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Radiation cannot be the only cause of increased mortality rates and decreased birth rates as other entities are already known to medical science to be etiological agents. Studies have shown that mothers who smoke cigarettes have smaller weight babies than do mothers who do not smoke. Malnutrition is another cause of small babies. Many chemicals have been associated with the induction