Oaaaa Re Be ethell rosieRMdisasi abed icseieni. bei The ridge 1s approximately 50 feet wide and appears toa be dead as a result of osely related to wartime damage and numerous fuel o11 immersions. mixing and the (2) The Outer Reef Flat is covered by 3 inches to 1 faot of water at low tide and consists of a flat of lsothermal at algal limestone covered with a soft velvety algal veneer and pitted with small shtly by day, The outer reef flat depressions from a few inches to a foot or more in diameter. 10m depth being 4g about 130 feet wide. (3) The Inner Reef Flat is exposed at low tide, rising gradually to about a foot above water level, and is covered over on its shoreward end with loose scattered cobbles. § the Eniwetok ‘Oll. In some areas large blocks of the outer reef have been torn loose and lifted up onto the inner flat by the action of severe These storms. (4) A Boulder Rampart makes up the very steep beach of cobbles, This TH and also in feature is probably in large part artificial as a result of construction work on to describe the the iglet, but the islet outline appears to have been changed very little. The lagoon beach which stretches along the northwestern face of FRED 1s a gently ee = were obtained sloping scalloped beach made up largely of gravel and loose sand. however, ' @l, USGS exposed rock is evident. The original vegetation of FRED Islet has been almost completely destroyed 3 publication as a result of the combined action of wartime assault and the postwar development of the islet. its southern- easternmost end of the islet. and measures the appearance of an almost completely barren islet. rational base ELMER, noW consists RS ENOhaseantec 1 relief ing areas southwestern edge of the Deep Entrance. As in the case of FRED, the development of extensive permanent base facilities on ELMER has largely removed all traces of its former natural topography. consists of an essentially flat table some 11 feet above sea level. channels, a , a It now Housing facllities, technical installations and uncovered material storage areas cover more than 90% of this islet. (See Figure 8.) at Sail eed hay vies for This oblong islet is approximately 1.4 miles long and 0.3 miles wide; it consists of about 0.3 square miles of dry land. a2 as Wet aie ieED a 3h ‘The " well which is a principal islet of the atoll, 1s situated on its south- eastern edge some 4 miles northwest of FRED and immediately adjacent to the Only in »08ed of In recent years some artificial planting has been accomplished, but at the present time these plantings do not appreciably alter Square miles 3let. Additionally some scattered clumps of native Scaevola and of Messerschmidia remain in the This fel. Only a few (six or seven) widely scattered mature cocopalms remain along the lagoon side of the western half of the islet. ee . In some areas, The seaward reef and lagoon beach characteristics of ELMER are similar in almost all respects to those described in the case of FRED. 4 An exception is the 1i Fy - j Pop . r an TRE ema erp — ee ita — ee ee ? ET Cg RSE MIR me at nn oe ae ne or ee altel ssa ee tg I EE