Oaaaa Re Be ethell
rosieRMdisasi abed icseieni. bei
The ridge 1s approximately 50 feet wide and appears toa be dead as a result of
osely related to
wartime damage and numerous fuel o11 immersions.
mixing and the
(2)
The Outer Reef Flat is
covered by 3 inches to 1 faot of water at low tide and consists of a flat of
lsothermal at
algal limestone covered with a soft velvety algal veneer and pitted with small
shtly by day,
The outer reef flat
depressions from a few inches to a foot or more in diameter.
10m depth being
4g about 130 feet wide.
(3)
The Inner Reef Flat is exposed at low tide, rising
gradually to about a foot above water level, and is covered over on its shoreward
end with loose scattered cobbles.
§ the Eniwetok
‘Oll.
In some areas large blocks of the outer reef
have been torn loose and lifted up onto the inner flat by the action of severe
These
storms.
(4)
A Boulder Rampart makes up the very steep beach of cobbles,
This
TH and also in
feature is probably in large part artificial as a result of construction work on
to describe the
the iglet, but the islet outline appears
to have been changed very little.
The
lagoon beach which stretches along the northwestern face of FRED 1s a gently
ee
=
were obtained
sloping scalloped beach made up largely of gravel and loose sand.
however,
' @l, USGS
exposed rock is evident.
The original vegetation of FRED Islet has been almost completely destroyed
3 publication
as a result of the combined action of wartime assault and the postwar development of the islet.
its southern-
easternmost end of the islet.
and measures
the appearance of an almost completely barren islet.
rational base
ELMER,
noW consists
RS ENOhaseantec
1 relief
ing areas
southwestern edge of the Deep Entrance.
As in the case of FRED, the development of extensive permanent base facilities on
ELMER has largely removed all traces of its former natural topography.
consists of an essentially flat table some 11 feet above sea level.
channels,
a
,
a
It now
Housing
facllities, technical installations and uncovered material storage areas
cover
more than 90% of this islet. (See Figure
8.)
at Sail eed hay
vies for
This oblong islet is approximately 1.4
miles long and 0.3 miles wide; it consists of about 0.3 square miles of dry land.
a2 as Wet aie ieED a 3h
‘The
" well
which is a principal islet of the atoll, 1s situated on its south-
eastern edge some 4 miles northwest of FRED and immediately adjacent to the
Only in
»08ed of
In recent years some artificial planting has been
accomplished, but at the present time these plantings do not appreciably alter
Square miles
3let.
Additionally
some scattered clumps of native Scaevola and of Messerschmidia remain in the
This
fel.
Only a few (six or seven) widely scattered mature cocopalms
remain along the lagoon side of the western half of the islet.
ee
.
In some areas,
The seaward reef and lagoon beach characteristics of ELMER are similar in
almost all respects to those described in the case of FRED.
4
An exception is the
1i
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