Dual installations of sensing instruments were .made at ali stations on the blast line for

Mike shot.'* Sensing elements were standard variable-reluctance Bourdon type gauges (Model

SPAD) manufactured by the Wiancko Engineering Company,'* mounted either in standard

ground and side-onbaffles’ or in pitot static tubes.'* Pressures predicted for the first three
stations, on Teiteir, Bogairikk, and Bogon, madeit advisable to use Wiancko gauges mounted

in ground baffles (Fig. 2). At Noah both installations were Wiancko gauges mounted in side-on
baffles (Fig. 3). At the remaining seven stations one gauge at each location was mounted in a
side-on baffle; at two stations the second gauge was also mounted in a side-on baffle, whereas
at the remaining five locations the second gauge was mounted in a pitot static tube.
The Wiancko gauges in side-on baffles were mounted 10 ft above the surface, either on

single pipe stands (Fig. 4) or on goal-post type pipe stands (Fig. 5), depending on whether

other types of instrumentation were to be mounted at the same locations. The pitot static tubes

were mounted on the goal-post type stands in each instance.
Before the side-on type baffle was used on Operation Ivy, some extensive wind-tunnel
tests were made to determinethe influence of baffle orientation on the data obtained.'’ All

side-on baffles were carefully aligned with ground zeroin the belief that any error introduced
by this orientation would be negligible and could safely be ignored.
Powerto all gauges was supplied by a standard Consolidated Engineering Corporation
3-kce carrier system, and the outputs of the gauges were recorded on magnetic tape by a multichannel Ampex recording system.’ Recording shelters were placed at convenient locations to
serve all end instruments used; seven shelters (Table 1) were used on Mike shot, 602, 605, and
606 having one recorder each and the remainder having two recorders each.
.°
4.2

King Shot
Since it was planned to install blast lines over both land and water on King shot, intended

ground zero was fixed at a point off the north end of Runit (Fig. 6) to gain the advantage of a

land blast line as long as possible. The land blast line comprised four stations, all on Runit,

whereas the blast line over water had nine stations.

Eight of the stations for the blast line over water were placed on a coral reef along the

northeast edge of Runit (Fig. 6), and the ninth was on the northern tip of Parry. All except the
two most remote stations (617.08 and 612.02) were on a radial line from intended ground zero
(Table 2). The station on Parry comprised two gauges, at the same locations as were used on
Mike shot.
All stations on the land blast line were necessarily at different azimuths from the refer-

ence line passing through ground zero, and, although the blast line was predominantly over

land, the shock wave had to traverse paths made up of varying percentages of land and water to
reach the individual stations. Each of the land-line stations corresponded to one of the stations
over water so far as its predicted overpressure and distance from intended ground zero were
concerned (Table 2). The pattern followed in choosing station locations was the same as for
Mike shot: it was attempted to choose locations such that overpressures would be halved at
each successive measuring point.
Wiancko pressure gauges were again used for all air-pressure measurements on King

shot. Those at the land-line stations were mounted in ground baffles (Fig. 2), and those over

water in side-on baffles. The stations over water were single pipe stands mounted in con-

crete footings atop the coral reef (Fig. 7). The gauge in its baffle was thus effectively placed
approximately 10 ft above the surface of the water, inasmuch as the feoting was submerged the
greater part of the time. Unfortunately, however, the movementof the tide caused the footings

for someof the gaugeinstallations to be exposed part or all of the time. Elevations of the
footings for the various stations above the mean low water spring tide are presented in

Table 3.
The carrier and recording systems for King shot were the same as those used for Mike

shot. Outputs of all land-line gauges on Runit and all gauges over water near Runit were re14

Select target paragraph3