464

Ss

RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL

To assure that cap sections were 18 inches thick, a gauge was fabricateg

It had the appearance of a huge comb with teeth 18 inches tong

Projections on either end were placed atop the side formsbefore a S€Ction
was poured and moved from one end of the section to the other. This
moved the teeth across the surface to be capped so that any depressions o,

protrusions could be detected and corrected. After several sections haq
been placed, it appeared that some capsections were turning out to be over

20 inches thick, and considerably more concrete was being used than wag
believed necessary. This appeared to be a result of the compaction of the
disturbed soil under the tons of heavy wet concrete pouredin eachsection
which, in turn, would require more concrete to fill the form. To
compensate for this effect, the teeth on the gauge were cut to 16-1/2

inches.!28 However, despite these procedures and findings, subsequent

core sampling found that somesections varied, both thicker and thinner,

from the specified thickness. !29

ADDITIONAL DEBRIS CONTAINMENT

;

Failure to accomplish Runit debris cleanup earlier in the project began to
adversely impact capping operations in August 1979. The USAEhad been

conducting whatthey believed to be the final sweeps to removethelastof

the debris from the ocean reef of Runit near the Lacrosse Crater. Though
i

this debris had been examined several months previously and foundto be
‘‘vellow’’ (disposable by lagoon dumping), after it was removed from the
water and allowed to dry, FRST screening disclosed that some of the

debris was actually ‘‘red’’ (contaminated, requiring crater containment). It

was the consensus of the USAE and the JTG that this small quantity of
debris could be accommodated in the dome, despite the fact that capping
operations were proceeding rapidly. Depressions were to be made in the
surface of the moundto serve as dikes in which debris wasto be placed and

surrounded with concrete.!3° Properly executed, this would comply with

the POD design. In some cases, however, debris was placed inside the cap
section forms in such a manneras to extend above the surroundingsoil
level. Then, the concrete was placed in the cap section. Consequently,
several cap sections contain pieces of contaminated metallic debris
embedded in the concrete, with the result that less than 18 inches of
concrete cover the debris. Inasmuchas the debris was placed in the bottom
of the cap sections, it was concluded that spalling would be highly
improbable. Also, since the dome was designedto contain the material and
prevent erosion rather than act as a radiation shield, completely
surrounding and encapsulating the material in concrete appeared to bein
conformance with the intent and integrity of the structure. These

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