202

RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL

would be conducted during the mobilization phase so that the techniques
would be perfected by the time the cleanup phase began on 15 November
1977. The planners believed, in a practical sense, that the tests would

constitute the beginning of radiological cleanup on the island where they
were conducted and, considering the input of cleanup resources, that the
island selected would receive priority for radiological cleanup once the

cleanup phase began.
Development of priorities and schedules for island-by-island cleanup
began after the first OPLAN conference in February 1977.45 The planners
considered such factors as channel access, terrain, extent of work
required, and planned island use by the dri-Enewetak. After several
months of deliberation, it was decided that pilot tests of the cleanup

techniques would be conducted on Enjebi.46.47 It afforded sufficient

variety and quantity of work to develop and test thoroughly the basic
techniques for radiological surveys and cleanup. Channel access conditions
were well known from recent operations there, andlittle additional work
would be required for additional clearance. Beachtrafficability was good,
and the terrain was suitable for the various tests. In addition, Enjebi was
considered to be oneof the safer northern islands for the development of
techniquesand initial training of raw personnel.

Following procedures outlined in OPLAN 600-77, DOE-ERSP used

measurements from the 1973 Radiological Survey and the recent gross
aerial survey to identify plutonium concentrations on Enjebi which were
likely to require soil cleanup.48 The exact boundaries and extent of the
concentrations were to be identified by fine surveys conducted in

conjunction with iterative removal of contaminated soil from the areas.49
On 15 July, the newly arrived in situ van (IMP) was deployed to Enjebi for

development andtesting of the fine survey techniques. ERDA’s research

supportvessel, the Liktanur I, was anchored just off the island to provide
preliminary logistical support.59 FRST and Army engineer elements
deployed the following week to participate in the Enjebi survey.

IN SITU SOIL SURVEY PROCEDURES
The IMP was a mobile soil assay system mountedin a tracked vehicle

(Figure 4-10). The system was self-contained to the extent that all

radiological data could be acquired and most of the data processed in the
van. Final data processing and map overlays ‘were doneat the base camp
laboratories. EG&G Corporation, under contract to ERDA, provided both
the equipmentandthe technicians. The IMP drivers were military enlisted
personnel.

Select target paragraph3